Acupuncture Concepts

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What are the 4 contraindications for Acupuncture treatment?: 1. Pregnancy - relative contraindication
2. Cardiac Pacemaker - no use of electrical stimulation unless written consent obtained from cardiologist
3. Hemophilia/Anticoagulant use - avoid large veins, use with caution, no intra-articular points
4. Intra-Articular Points after total joint replacements and in immunocompromised patients
Under what circumstances can you provide acupuncture treatment to a pregnant woman with your current training?: - only in the first trimester
- only PC6 and CV12
- only for treatment of nausea
What is the only YIN point located on the head?: CV 24 (chengjiang)- located on the anterior midline at teh midpoint of the mentolabial groove
Where do all 3 YIN meridians of the lower extremity meet?: SP 6
What is the order of the Meridians?: Lung, Large Intestine, Stomach, Spleeen, Heart, Small Intestine, Bladder, Kidney, Pericardium, Triple Energizer, Gallbladder, Liver
What are the YANG meridians?: Large Intestine, Stomach, Small Intestine, Bladder, Triple Energizer, Gall Bladder, Governing Vessel
What are the YIN Meridians?: Lung, Spleen, Heart, Kidney, Pericaridum, Liver, Conception Vessel
How many Lung points are there?: 11
How many Large Intestine points are there?: 20
How many Spleen points are there?: 21
How many Stomach points are there?: 45
How many Heart points are there?: 9
How many Small Intestine points are there?: 19
How many Kidney points are there?: 27
How many Bladder points are there?: 67
How many Pericardium points are there?: 9
How many triple energizer points are there?: 23
How many Liver points are there?: 14
How many Gall Bladder points are there?: 44
How many Conception Vessel points are there?: 24
How many Governing Vessel points are there?: 28
Where are the 3 upper limb Yin meridians located? What are they?: - ventral part of upper limb
- lung, heart, pericaridum
Where are the 3 lower limb Yin merdians located? What are they?: - medial part of the lower limb
- spleen, kidney, liver
Where are the 3 upper limb Yang meridians located? What are they?: - dorsal part of upper limb
- large intestine, small intestine, triple energizer
In what direction do the upper limb YIN meridians flow?: From the chest to the hand
Where are the 3 lower limb Yang meridians located? What are they?: - lateral part of lower limb
- stomach, urinary bladder, gall bladder
In what directino do the 3 upper limb Yand channels flow?: from the hand to the head
In what direction do the three lower limb Yin channels flow?: from the foot to the abdomen and chest
In what direction do the 3 lower limb Yang channels flow?: from the head to the foot
What is the pathway of the Governing Vessel meridian?: starts from the perineum, ascends posteriorly along the spinous processes of the spine and the midline of the head to the upper lip
What is the pathway of the Conception Vessel meridian?: starts from the perineum, runs anteriorlyon the midline of the pubic area, abdomen, chest and ends at the lower lip
What times are associated with the meridians?: Starts at 3:00am with the lung meridian, new meridian every 2 hours, ending with the liver meridian at 1:00am
What are the first and last points of the Lung Meridian?: LU 1 - 1 cun below LU 2, in the first intercostal space, 6 cun from the midline of the chest
LU 11 - radial nail point of thumb (base of thumbnail)
What are the first and last points of the Large Intestine Meridian?: LI 1 - radial nail point of index finger
LI 20 - level with the bottom of the nostril, midway between the nasolabial groove and the lateral edge of the nostril
What is unique about LI 20?: It is located on the opposite side of the body from the rest of the meridian. Also the last point on the meridian.
What are the first and last points of the Stomach Meridian?: ST 1 - below the pupil, between the eyeball and the infraorbital ridge
ST 45 - lateral nail point of the 2nd toe
What are the first and last points of the Spleen Meridian?: SP 1 - medial aspect of big toe (nail point)
SP 21 - on the lateral side of the chest, on the midaxillary line, in the 6th intercostal space (between ribs 6 and 7)
What are the first and last points of the Heart Meridian?: HT 1 - apex of the axilla
HT 9 - radial nail point of little finger
What are the first and last points of the Small Intestine Meridian?: SI 1 - ulnar aspect of little finger
What are the first and last points of the Bladder Meridian?: BL 1 - medial and superior to inner campus of the eye
What are the first and last points of the Kidney Meridian?: KI 1 - On sole, in depression with foot in plantar flexion, at the junction of the anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of line connecting base of the 2nd and 3rd toes with the heel.
KI 27 - in depression on lower border of scapula, 2 cun lateral to the CV line
What are the first and last points of the Pericardium meridian?: PC 1 - 1 cun lateral to the nipple in a male, in the 4th intercostal space
PC 9 - tip of middle finger
What are the first and last points of the Triple Energizer meridian?: TE 1 - ulnar nail point of 4th finger
TE 23 - in depression at lateral end of supra orbital margin
What are the first and last points of the Gall Bladder meridian?: GB 1 - .5 cun lateral to outer canthus of eye in depression on the lateral side of the orbit
GB 44 - lateral nail point of fourth toe
What are the first and last points of the Liver meridian?: LR 1 - lateral nail point of the big toe
LR 14 - directly below thenipple, 4 cun lateral to eh midline in the 6th intercostal space, on the mamillary line
What are the first and last points of the Conception Vessel meridian?: CV 1 - perineum
CV 24 - centerof the mentolabial groove
What are the first and last points of the Governing Vessel meridian?: GV 1 - perineum
GV 28 - at the junction of the gums and upper lip
What is a CUN?: A body inch, uses the finger length or breadth of a patient as a criterion
What can be used to measure 1 cun?: - the distance beween the creases of the PIP and DIP joints of the middle finger
- the breadth of the PIP of the thumb
What can be used ot measure 1.5 cun?: the breadth of the index and midddle fingers at the level of the PIP of the index finger
What can be used to measure 3 cun?: the breadth of the 4 fingers at the PIP of the index finger
What is the distance between the anterior and posterior hairline?: 12 cun
What is the distance from the anterior hairline to the glabella (eyebrows)?: 3 cun
What is the distance from the posterior hairline to the spinous process of C7: 3 cun
How do you measure if the hairlines are indistinguishable?: measure from the midline between the eyebrows to the SP of C7 as 18 cun
What is the distance of the hairline between the two temporal regions and between the mastoid processes?: 9 cun
What is the distance between the two nipples?: 9
What is the distance from teh lower end of the sternum to the centre of the umbilicus?: 8 cun
What is the distance from the centre of the umbilicus to the upper border of the symphysis pubis?: 5 cun
What is the distance from the axillary crease to tip of the 11th rib?: 12 cun
What is the wideth of every rib?: 1.6 cun
What is the distance from the medial border of the scapula to the midline of the back?: 3 cun
What is the distance from the transverse axillary fold to the cubital crease?: 9 cun
What is the distance from the cubital crease to the transverse wrist crease: 9 cun
What is the distance from the Cubital crease to the transverse wrist crease? (right): 12 cun
What is the distance from the upper level of the greater trochanter to the middle of the patella?: 19 cun
What is the distance from the middle of the patella to the tip of the lateral malleolus?: 16 cun
What is the distance from teh upper border of the symphysis pubis to the upper border of the femoral condyle?: 18 cun
What is the distance from the medial condyle of the tibia to the tip of the medial malleolus?: 13 cun
What is taoism?: an ancient philosophy regarding the equal and opposite forces which coexist in the universe known as Yin and Yang
What is anatomical acupuncture?: combination of acupuncture knowledge and western learned anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology
How many meridians are there?: 12
How do electrotherapy pointfinders detect acupuncture points?: measures skin resistance which is lower at most acu points and in a constant location from person to person
What are motor points?: the point on the skin where an electrical stimulus of the lowest possible current can eoke a response of the muscle, located near the neurovascular hilus of a muscle, not at the neuromuscular junction, e.g. LI4 si the motor point for the 1st dorsal interosseus muscle in the hand
What are segnmental points on the back?: segmentally arranged points which allow stimulation of the posterior and anterior primary rami of the spinal nerves e.g. GV and BL points
What are ventral points?: points where segmental spinal nerves meet on the entral aspect of the trunkin the midline e.g. CV 4 and 12
What are peripheral nerve points? 4 e.g.: located adjacent to peripheral nerves e.g. LI 11 -radial, HT 7 - Ulnar, PC 6 - median, GB 30 - Sciatic
What are musculotendinous junction points?: points that correspond to muscle tendon junctions e.g. BL 57 in gastrocnemius
What are intra-articular points?: points that alllow insertion into a joint e.g. Knee eye points XL 2 and ST 35
What are cranial nerve points: located on the face where CNs emerge from skull foramina e.g. ST 2 infraorbital nerve
What are the different classifiations of anatomical acupuncture points? (9): motor, segmental, ventral, peripheral nerve, musculotendinous junction, intra-articular, cranial nerve, scalp and auricular
What are ashi points?: tender points used to relief myofascial pain

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