LOM Chapter 15
Terms
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- Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis, which joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint
- acetabulum
- Outward extension of the shoulder bone forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.
- Acromion
- Thin layer of cartilage occurring at the ends of long bones and covering any part of any bone that comes together with another bone to form a joint.
- articular cartilage
- Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. Examples are long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella).
- Bone
- One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.
- Calcium
- Spongy, porous, trabecular bone.
- Cancellous bone
- Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton at the epiphyseal growth plate and on joint surfaces.
- cartilaginous tissue (cartilage)
- Dense connective tissue strands found in bone.
- Collagen
- Hard, dense bone tissue.
- Compact bone
- Knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint.
- Condyle
- Skull bones; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.
- Cranial bones
- Shaft, or midportion, of a long bone.
- Diaphysis
- Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.
- disk (disc)
- Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.
- Epiphyseal plate
- Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate.
- Epiphysis
- Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandible, maxillae, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic.
- Facial bones
- Narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones.
- Fissure
- Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.
- Fontanelle
- Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels, nerves, or both enter and leave. The foramen magnum is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
- foramen
- Shallow cavity in a bone.
- Fossa
- Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.
- Haversian canals
- Round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia.
- Malleolus
- Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.
- Manubrium
- Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.
- Mastoid process
- Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.
- Medullary cavity
- The flared portion of a long bone, lying between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (meta- means between)
- metaphysis
- Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.
- Olecranon
- Bone tissue.
- Osseous tissue
- Process of bone formation.
- ossification
- Bone cell that helps form bone tissue.
- Osteoblast
- Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue.
- Osteoclast
- Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.
- periosteum
- Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.
- Phosphorus
- Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones. They are joined (sym-means together, -physis means to grow) by a fibrocartilaginous disc.
- Pubic symphysis
- Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis.
- Red bone marrow
- These 24 elongated, curved bones form the bony wall of the chest. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8-10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.
- Ribs
- Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.
- Sella turcica
- Hollow cavity within a bone.
- Sinus
- Pole-like process on the temporal bone.
- Styloid process
- Joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium).
- Suture
- Connection between the temporal base of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw.
- temporomandibular joint
- Supporting bondles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
- Trabeculae
- Large process on lateral proximal aspect of the femur; attachment site for muscles and tendons.
- Trochanter
- Rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons.
- Tuberosity
- An individual backbone composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, lamina, and neural canal.
- Vertebra
- Lower, narrow portion of the sternum.
- Xiphoid process
- Fatty tissue found in the diaphyses of long bones in older individuals.
- Yellow bone marrow