PEDS test 3 Resp Chapter
please feel free to edit these if you see any mistakes!
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- activated
- T cell and macrophages limit spread of infection; cannot transmit in this stage (TB)
- apnea
- absence of respirations for longer than 20 seconds
- CROUP syndromes
- broad classification of upper airway illness invloving swelling of epiglottis and laynx, intintal symptoms include stridor- high pitched, musical sound created by narrowing of airway; a seal like barking cough, and hoarseness
- apnea of prematurely
- apena at <37 weeks, no clear cause, one or more episodes >20 seconds, treatment includes stimulation of feet or back, O2, monitor; CPAP, methylxanthines
- dyspnea
- difficulty breathing
- RSV
- annual epidemic, contagious, peak age 6 months, must have dirct contact with resp secretions or contaminated surfaces. Nasal stuffiness, sneezing, fever, anorexia for a few days, thick secretions, tachypenia, rhinitis, wheezing, crackles, rhonchi, fever.
- foreign body aspiration
- inhalation of object into resp tract; more common if younger than age 12; S/S include cough, gag, nasla flaring.
- latent TB
- intact cell mediated immunity (TB)
- epiglottitis
- bacterial infection causing inflmmation of epiglottis--long narrowing structre that closes off the glottis during swallowing. sudden onset of high fever, sever sore throat' 4 D's sysphonia, dysphagia, drooling, distressed respitory effort
- laryngothacheobronchitis
- viral infection of laynx; traches and bronchi. gradual onset of fever, hoarseness, runny nose, and progresses to resp difficulty
- viral pneumonia
- vius invades cells, replicate, kill cells sendinng out debris causing obstruction. smaller airway puts child at risk. S/S include sudden onset, fever, cough, crackles, wheeze, chills.
- SIDS
- leading cause of death b/t 1 month to 1 year, risk factors include sleeping prone; pillows, low birth weight, toung moms, low SES, prior history, prenatal smokinng, drinking, or drugs
- pneumonia
- inflammation or infection of bronchiles and alveolar spaces
- RSVIG (respigam) IV and synagis IV
- prevention of RSV
- tachypena
- increased resp rate
- Acute Respitory Distress
- inlammatory/immune response and alveolar capillary memebrane damage due to acute lung injury can cause fluid build up. mainly related to lung maturity.
- ARDS
- causes include sepsis, pneumonia, meconium aspiration, gastric content aspiration, smoke inhalation, near drowning,
- S/S of ARDS
- diaphoresis, tachypenia, retractions, nasal flaring, grunting, cyanosis
- CF
- thick sticky secretions; obstruction and stasis-medium for bacterial chronic infecion; inflammation: airtrapping with impaired O2/CO2 exchange/ wheezing with moist productive cough, bronchitis and pneumonia, fromtal headaches; Chronic sinus infection, digital clubbing r/t fibritic changes in lungs
- apparent life threating event
- sudden apnea episode in otherwise health infant >37 weeks gestation; color changes; limp; choking; or gagging; can occur anytime; physical stimulationr or CPR is usually required
- epiglottitis
- what alteration in respirtory function includes the 4 Ds
- bronchitis
- inflammation of trachea and brinchi, usually viral, more common in young children and boys; rhinitis; hacking cough that worsens at night; crackles, rhonchi, fever, mucus increase malaise
- TB
- inhalation of droplets, bacillus reaches alveoli and multiplies with in macrophages, most ofte converts form latent to active during first 2 years
- Mixed
- type of apnea where central respiration pause that either preceded or follows airway obstruction
- bacterial pneumonia
- bactera enter the lung through bloodstream inflammatroy response cause dead cell debries to obstruct airway. whinitis, coough, high fever, chills, chest pain, nasal flaring, retratctions
- Cistic Fibrosis
- disorder of exocrine glands causing alteration in respitory, GI, and reproductive. Autosolam recessive disorder; defective chloride ion transport resulting in increased NA+ absorption, decreased water flow across cells.
- obstructive
- type of apnea that is the absence of nasal airflow when efforts are present nasal breathers
- grunting
- psyciologic mechanism slows ezpiritory flow to increase lung volume and alveolar pressure
- retractions
- insoiration, visiable drawing in of skin of neck and bewteen ribs of the chest
- neonatal respitory distress syndrome
- AKA hyaline membrane distress. Decrease surfactant causing increased atelectasis and work of breathing. S/S include tachypena >60, nasal flaring, retraction, grunting, crackles, slow cap refill, paradoxical breathing
- central
- type of apnea that is the complete cessation of breathing effort
- digestive problems with CF
- blocked pancreatic ducts, bowel obstruction, Type 1 DM, chronic constipation, rectal prolapse, stool: fatty and greasy; bulky; foul smelling and floating.