1st semster review flashcards
Terms
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Least Common Multiple
(LCM) - the smallest number that all numbers can become - uses the cake method (never smaller than the biggest number)
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Greatest Common Factor
(GCF) - the biggest number that all of the numbers can be divided by - uses the tree method (never bigger than the smallest number)
- factor
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a number that divides another number without a remainder (always equal to or smaller than the original number)
ie. factors of 24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 - multiple
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the product of the original number and another number (always equal to or larger than the original number)
ie. multiples of 5 = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 - ascending order
- from smallest to biggest
- descending order
- from biggest to smallest
- absoute value
- the distance the number is from zero on a number line - the distance can NEVER be negative
- composite number
- a whole number that has factors besides 1 and itself - the smallest composite number is 4
- prime number
- a whole number whose only factors are 1 and itself - 2 is the smallest prime and the ONLY even prime
- coordinate pairs
- used in graphing - (x,y) - the first number tells you right or left; the second number tells you up or down
- divisibility rule for 2
- if the number ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8
- divisibility rule for 5
- if the number ends in 0 or 5
- divisibility rule for 6
- if it is divisible by BOTH 2 and 3
- divisibility rule for 10
- if it ends in 0
- divisibility rule for 3
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if the sum of the digits adds up to a number divisibile by 3
ie. 123 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6; 6 is divisibile by 3 so 123 is divisible by 3 - divisbility rule for 9
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if the sum of the digits is divisible by 9
ie. 63 = 6 + 3 = 9; 9 is divisible by 9 so 63 is divisible by 9 - equivalent
- equal
- equivalent fractions
- two or more fractions that are equal to each other
- equivalent decimals
- two or more decimals that are equal to each other
- exponent
- shows repeated multiplication
- factor tree
- used for prime factorization; used to find a numbre's prime factors
- frequency table
- a 3 column chart that lists the items, a tally section, and the frequency
- improper fraction
- when the numerator (top number) is bigger than the denominator (bottom number)
- numerator
- the top number in a fraction
- denominator
- the bottom number in a fraction
- integers
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a set of whole numbers and their opposites
NOTE: 0 is not an integer - inverse operations
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opposite operations; they undo each other
addition - subtraction
multiplication - division -
Least Common Denominator
(LCD) - smallest common denominator a set of fractions can become
- line plot
- uses a number line and x's to represent data
- mean
- the average of the data - add up all of the data and divide by the number of items in the data
- median
- the middle number of a set of data in numerical order
- mode
- the most common number(s) of the set of data
- range
- the difference betwen the biggest and the smallest numbers in a set of data; subtract big minus small
- order of operations
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1. Parenthesis
2. Exponents
3. Multiply and Divide from LEFT to RIGHT
4. Add and Subtract from LEFT to RIGHT - origin
- (0,0) - where you start from when graphing ordered pairs
- power
- a number expressed using an exponent
- prime factorization
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uses factor trees to write the number as a product of its primes
ie. 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 - probability
- the number of correct chances over the total number of chances
- scientific notation
- a number written as a prduct of two factors when the first is a number greater than 1 but less than 10 and the second is a power of 10
- slope
- rise over run; up or down over the left or right
- square root
- a number which when multiplied by itself equals the given number
- symmetry
- when one side of a figure is the mirror image of the other side
- terminating decimal
- a decimal that stops
- repeating decimal
- a number that repeats itself in a pattern
- variable
- a symbol, usually a letter, that stands for a number; an unknown
- x - axis
- the horizontal bar of a graph
- y - axis
- the vertical bar of a graph