Chemistry Chapter 5
Terms
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- What is electric current?
- flow of charge
- What is a conductor?
- substance that electric charge flows through readily
- What is energy?
- the ability to do work
- What is work?
- when a force moves an object some distance (W = F x D)
- Energy Change in Looking at a Picture
- light-->electrical
- Energy Change in Burning of Fossil Fuels
- chemical-->heat
- Energy Change in Melting of Ice
- heat-->potential
- Energy Change in Burning Coal to move the Wheels on a Train
- chemical-->heat-->mechanical
- forms of KE
- electrical, electromagnetic, heat
- forms of PE
- chemical, magnetic
- SI unit for energy
- Joule
- law of conservation of energy & how does it apply to reactions
- no energy can be created or destroyed only changed from one form to another; what a reaction starts with, it must end with
- 2 types of reactions
- exothermic (releases heat) & endothermic (absorbing heat)
- What is activation energy?
- energy that sparks a reaction
- What is the term hot referring to?
- high temperature
- Is there such a thing as cold from a scientific point of view?
- no
- How did we create the Celsius scale?
- made the freezing point 0 degrees, and made the boiling point 100 degrees
- How was the Kelvin scale created?
- made 0 degrees set to absolute 0 and used the same increments as Celsius scale
- What is absolute zero and what happens there?
- lowest possible temperature; motion is fully stopped
- How many K do you go up by if you increase the temperature 5 degrees Celsius?
- 5K
- Heat flows from...
- hot to cold
- What is a calorie?
- non SI unit for heat; quantity of heat that will increase the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
- What is calorimetry?
- the measurement of how much heat is released or absorbed during a chemical reaction
- What is a calorimeter?
- a device that has a chamber surrounded by water
- What is specific heat?
- amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 unit of mass (g) by 1 unit of temp. (degree C)
- What is Kinetic molecular theory?
- all matter is made up of particles
- Temperature is the measure of average...
- KE
- How can you add heat to something and not change its temperature?
- the heat goes to a process instead of a substance
- If an object has 25 protons and 25 electrons what is its charge?
- neutral (0)
- What is the force that pushes or pulls charged bodies together or apart?
- electrostatic force
- What is the law of conservation of charge?
- When 2 charges of equal amount bu topposite signs are brought together, their electrostatic forces cancel each other out
- What is electrical energy?
- energy used to move charged bodies against an electrostatic force, is converted to PE or electrical energy