Chemistry Chapter 4 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Temperature/Heat
-
Heat is energy thats flows from a hotter to colder object
Temperature is a property that determines the direction of heat flow - Calorie/Kcal/Joule
-
1 kcal = 4.184 kj
1 kcal = 1 Calorie
1kcal = 1 cal - Relationship of Life expectancy to energy consumption
- Higher energy consumption = higher life expectancy
- Exothermic
- Any physical or chemical exchnage accompanied by the release of heat, is negative but heat of combustion is positive, colder to hotter
- Endothermic
- Any chemical reaction that absorbs energy, is positive but heat of combustion is negative, hotter to colder
- Heat of Combustion
-
Quantity of heat energy given off when a specified amount of a substance burns in oxygen
Heat/mole * mole/molar mass= heat of combustion per gram - Energy of Activation
- Energy necessary to initiate a reaction. Also determines whether a substance can be used as fuel. Cant be too fast or too slow
- Calculating Bond Energies
- First do the lewis dot then add up all the reactions then take all the bonds on each side then substact the right side from the left
- Natural Gas
-
Advantages Burns more completely, cleaner, less CO2
Disadvantages leaks from transmission line causing environmental damage - Production of Fossil Fuels
- Originates from decayed plants and animals (Oil, coal, natural gas)
- Different Kinds of Coal
- Soft lignite and brown coal are the lower grades, bituminous and anthracite are higher grades
- Advantages of Coal
- Stable and efficient
- Disadvantages of Coal
- coal mining is dangerous,accidents, health of miners, greenhouse gases - CO2 and CH4, acid rain SO2 and NO2, pollution and acid rain can contrib. to cancer risk, respiratory illness
- Advantages of Oil/Petroleum
- Easy to transport and pump, more erfficient
- Disadvantages of Oil/Petroleum
- acid rain, volatile organic compounds, spills, leaks, wildlife, shore and water
- Isomer
- Different compounds with the same chemical formula, different bonds
- Octane Rating
- Higher Octane rating Reduces knocking
- Biomass
- Materials produced by biological processes
- FFV (Flexible fuel vehicle)
- 85% ethanol and the newest alternative fuel to be formulated
- Biogas
- usually natural renewable resources such as veg oils and animal fats blended with petroleum products
- Energy Transformation
- Cannot me created or destroyed.. efficiency equation is T Hi - T Low/ T Hi
- Entropy
- Second Law of thermodynamics, Randomness in energy. Is increasing in the universe
- RFG
- Oxygenated gasolines that also contain a lower percentage of certain volatile hydrocarbons such as benzene found in nonoxgenated conventional gas
- MTBE
- methyl tertiary butyl ether, Neurotoxin, finds its way into drinking water