Rocks & Minerals
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- Geologists
- People who study rocks and how they were formed
- Minerals
- Naturally occuring substances that are neither plants nor animals
- Are rocks made of minerals
- YES!!
- What are 3 properties to determine minerals?
- Luster, Steak plate, Scratch Test
- What is luster?
- The way light bounces off (shiny, dull or greasy)
- What is Steak plate
- rub rock & see if it makes a streak
- what is scratch test
- testing for hardness (fingernail, copper penny & iron nail)
- What are diamonds
- the hardest mineral, has a glassy look
- galena
- has metallic luster & can be scratched with a copper penny
- pyrite
-
brassy, yellow color
greenish/black streak - talc
- softest mineral, has a greasy look
- quartz
- colorless, white, pink or purple, glassy, hard
- mica
- colorles, silvery, brown, may look glassy, soft
- feldspar
- yellow, white, gray, red, brown, glassy, pearly, hard
- calcite
- colorless, white, glassy, medium hard
- igneous rocks
- "fire made" formed from hot, molten rock material that is cooled and hardened
- rocks are classified into groups based on how ______
- they're formed
- what rock is "fire made" formed from hot molten material that has cooled and hardened?
- igneous rock
- hot molten material below the surface of earth is called ___
- magma
- magma cools slowly so it has large grains called
- granite
- Magma that reaches the surface is called
- lava
- When lava reaches air it cools quickly so there aren't a lot of grains which is called
- basalt
- When lava cools extremly quickly, it doesn't form any grains which is called
- volcanic glass
- how are sedimentary rocks formed
- one way they are formed is by pressing or cementing little rocks together
- What are sediments
- deposited rock particles and other materials that settle
- how does sediments turn into rock?
- as air and water get squeezed out
- What are grains of sand called
- sandstone
- What are larger pieces of sand called
- conglomerate
- What is fine mud called
- shale
- Fossils are often found in what type of rock
- sedimentary rocks
- What are metamorphic rocks?
- a rock that has been changed by heat, pressure or both
- another word for metamorphic rock
- "changed form"
- what are 2 types of metamorphic rock
-
has bands (pressure caused)
no bands (doesn't break in bands) - What does "has bands" mean for metamorphic rock?
-
Pressure caused...
they can break apart on bands. (...gneiss) - What are some examples of metamorphic rocks (has bands)
- granite, slate, (heated under pressure)
- What does "no bands) for metamorphic rock mean?
- doesn't break in bands
- what is an example of metamorphic rock (no bands)
- marble (limestone that was heated under pressure)
- What type of rock forms when magma cools and hardens
- igneous
- what type of rock forms from layers of sediments
- sedimentary
- what type of rock forms under heat and pressure within the earth
- metamorphic
- give 3 examples of igneous rock
- granite, pumice, obsidian, basalt
- give 3 examples of sedimentary rock
- shale, sandstone, limestone
- give 3 examples of metamorphic rock
- slate, marble, gneiss, quartzite
- what are 3 layers of our Earth
- crust, mantle, core
- What is the crust
- Earth's outer layer made mostly of rock
- What is the mantle?
- Earth's middle layer made of liquid rock. Magma from this layer seeps through cracks in the crust to form volcanoes
- What is the core?
- Earth's super hot center
- What is weathering
- the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller rocks
- give an example of weathering
- plant roots pushing into rock; rock freezing and thawing; wind blowing sand against the rocks
- what is erosion
- the process of picking up and carrying away sediment from one place and depositing it in another.
- What is an example of erosion
- a river carries sediments
- what is the rock cycle
- the never ending process of rocks forming, weathering, and changing into other rocks
- what is a fossil
- the preserved trace or remains of a once living thing
- most fossils are found in what type of rock
- sedimentary rock
- where are the oldest fossils found
- in the deepest layers of the rocks
- fossils give clues to the ____
- past (history of earth)
- what do fossils tell us
- tell us when and where different plants and animals lived
- What is formed from sediments of sand
- sandstone
- what is formed from materials (plants, animals, shells in water)
- limestone
- what is formed when layers of mud and clay are pressed together
- shale
- what is found in sedimentary rock. Traces of plants and animals
- fossils
- what is a Cast fossil
- minerals fill up the mold and harden
- what is an imprint (fossil)
- an impression or "print" in mud
- what is mold (fossil)
- completely covered with mud. Leaves a hole to show fossil
- What is amber (fossil)
- hardened sap from a tree
- What is petrified (fossil)
- minerals take the shape and turned to stone
- What are 6 different types of fossils
- cast, imprint, mold, amber, petrified, ice
- What are some causes of erosion
- wind, rivers, glaciers, waves, gravity
- what are some causes of weathering?
- snow, water, ice, wind, plants
- what are examples of metamorphic rock
-
marble, slate
**change in pressure/heat - What are examples of igneous rock
-
Made from magma
granite
obsidian - What are examples of sedimentary rock
-
sand, dirt, rocks
sandstone, limestone - what are fossils good for
- explaining the past