Global Issues Final Exam Review
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- What is the largest megacity?
- Tokyo, Japan
- What is a population pyramid?
- a graph that breaks down the population by age and sex with males on one side of the graph and females on the other side
- What is negative net migration?
- Negative net migration means that more people have left a country than have entered in therefore, they reduce the population.
- Infant mortality
- the number of babies in the every 1,000 who do not live longer than one year
- What factors determine birth rate?
-
The less developed a country is, the higher the birth rate because of lack of prevention of birth.
Also, education of people.
The number of women of childbearing years. - What is population momentum?
- Increase in population over many years as girls mature into child-bearing women
- Involuntary migration
- persons forced by dangerous conditions to flee a country or an areas: refugee
- Environmental problems
-
pollution
overpopulation
endangered species
loss of land for growing/grazing
loss of wood through logging
industry destroying land - Population density
- the number of people living in a square mile or a square kilometer
- Environmental Refugees
- People who were rural farmers, but have no water or land (due to environmental problems) and move to towns or cities and start a new way of life
- International migration
- leaving one country and moving to another
- Salinization
- harmful build up of salt in soil caused by evaporation of water in or above it
- % of arable land
- 10% of the world's land that is fit for crops is arable
- What percent of the earth is water?
- 70% of the earth's surface is water, but 97% of it is in the oceans (salt water)
- Natural Resources
-
materials in the environment that humans can use or profit from such as:
water
trees
sun
minerals
plants
animals
fossil fuels - Reserves
- unused natural resouces that can be obtained economically with technology
- Supply and demand
-
Supply is what is available and it is often based on
demand which is what people ask for or want - Leading energy consuming nation
- United States
- Leading consumer nation
- Canada is first in using consumer energy and the United States is second
- Catalytic converters
- devices that remove harmful chemicals from otor vehicle exhaust fumes
- Green Revolution
- increase in world's food supply since 1950s by developing new high yielding varieties of rice, wheat and corn
- Famine
- desperate shortage of food affecting large numbers of people
- How does China discourage new residents?
-
Charging a high registration fee for new comers
Requiring a work permit to work in the city - Why do people migrate?
-
Migration happens for many reasons-
lack of way to provide food and housing
war and famine
seeking better living conditions
forced migration - What are renewable resources?
-
sunlight
water
soil - What are some nonrenewable resources/
-
minerals
fossil fuels - What is carrying capacity?
- number of animals and humans that the resources of an area can support year after year
- Microcredit
- loan of a small amount of money
- CARE
- Cooperative Assistance and Relief Everywhere is a private relief agency based in United States since 1945
- Three major grains
- Rice, wheat, and corn
- Global Commercial Economy
- The economy of the commercial industries world wide affecting the standard of living for people throughout the world
- Frankenstein effect
- What we are doing today to improve the world may eventually serve to destroy it
- Vegetarian
- A non-meat eater
- Hybrid
- plant or animal that results from cross-breeding between two separate species
- composting
- layering plant debris and discarded fool in piles to promote decomposition and make fertilizer
- Where does the largest share of solid waste come from?
- plastic products
- What is the cause of lead in water?
- lead gets into the water through lead pipes which used to be used.
- What is a hazardous waste?
- solid, liquid or gas that can harm humans or the environment. (eg. chemicals, medical disposals, etc)
- Calorie
- measure of energy produced by eating food
- environmentalist
- a person who believes in and works to conserve and improve the environment
- fossil fuel
- remains of a long dead organism (plant or animal) that can be burned to produce heat
- 3 characteristics of a developed nation
-
low fertility rate
high standard of living
increased life expectancy
decreaesd infant mortality rate
lower population growth - 3 characteristics of developing nations
-
high fertility rates
shorter life expectancy
limited health care
increasing birth rate
increased population growth - Carbon monoxide
- colorless, odorless air polluting gas produced by the incomplete burning of fossil fuels
- Why is wind power considered clean?
- wind power uses the wind to produce electricity with no harmful by products
- organic solution
- solution to pollution using natural resources without chemicals
- What is solid waste?
- any human produced item (other than gas or liquid) that we discard or dispose of.
- Exxon Valdez
- Oil tanker that caused the worst oil spill in US history in 1989 off the coast of Alaska
- Why is acid rain a global problem?
- Pollution in one country affects another country through the travel of water as rain and in the water systems of the world.
- What will the world temperature cause?
-
Global warming which could disrupt agricultre causing less food to be able to be grown.
Killing of species of fish, birds, insects, etc. that are used in the world to balance the environment - What number of people in developing countries lack good sanitary systems?
- 75% of the people of the people in developing countries lack adequate sanitation
- What is the best method of preventing water pollution?
- stopping the pollution at its source or where it begins
- How can we prevent soil erosion?
- using farming methods that keep topsoil from washing or blowing away such as teracing and contour plowing which slows the runoff of water and soil.
- Fossil fuels
-
coal
oil
gas - Features of globalization?
-
globalization is the increasing interconnectedness of economics around the world because of transporation,
communication,
use of raw materials
trade - How can we cut down on the use of fossil fuels?
-
more efficiency
better insulation
using light metals and plastics in cars to cut down use of gasoline
using solar power for electricity production
energy efficient electrical applicances
finding alternate energy sources - Recycling
- Reprocessing or reusing a resource
- Secular relief agency
- a relief agency having no religious connection
- Turkey and Greece are fighting over what island?
- Cyprus
- What are the tactics in guerilla warfare?
- hit and run tactics
- The US defeated what nation in the Gulf War?
- Iraq
- Detterence
- the maintenance of huge military forces and stockpiles of weapons in order to discourage an attack
- Where do the Kurds live?
- Kurds do not have their own country. They live in Iraq, Turkey, and Iran.
- What are the Muslim fundamentalists beliefs about religion and government?
- Muslims believe that the government and religion should NOT be separate. One cleric or leader controls the religion and the government
- Which World War did we use the atomic bomb?
- World War II. It was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945
- What are the major groups in Bosnia?
-
Serbians
Croats
Muslims - The Congo givens its freedom is an example of.....?
- Nationalism
- What are some reasons for terrorist attacks?
-
Ueed to crush opposition
To force control
spreading fear
gain publicity for their cause - The most common tactic of terrorists?
- bombs (usually planted in a building or driven to a location in a car or truck