Final Definitions
Terms
undefined, object
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- Machine
- device that makes work easier
- simple machine
- device that does work in one movement
- effort force
- force applied to machine
- resistance force
- force applied by machine
- ideal machine
- work input = work output
- mechanical advantage
- number of times machine multiplies the effort force
- lever
- bar that is free to pivot about a fixed point
- fulcrum
- fixed point on a lever
- effort arm
- part of lever on which the effort force is applied
- resistance arm
- part of the lever that exerts the resistance force
- pulley
- grooved wheel with rope or chain running along the groove
- wheel and axle
- simple machine consisting of two wheels of different sizes
- inclined plane
- sloping surface used to raise objects
- screw
- inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post
- wedge
- inclined plane with one or two sloping sides
- compound machine
- a combination of two or more simple machines
- efficiency
- measure of how much of the work put in is changed to useful work put out by the machine
- power
- rate at which work is done
- watt (W)
- one Joule per second : standard of power
- conduction
- transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of particles
- fluid
- any material that can flow
- convection
- transfer of energy through the movement of matter
- radiation
- transfer of energy in the form of invisible waves
- insulators
- materials that do not let heat move easily through them
- radiator
- device with large surgace area designed to heat the air near it by conduction
- solar energy
- energy from the sun
- heat engines
- devices that convert thermal energy into mechanical energy
- internal combustion
- fuels burned inside the engine
- external combustion
- fuels burned outside the engine
- R-value
- resistance to heat flow
- combustion
- rapid burning
- heat mover
- device that removes thermal energy from one location and transfers it to another location at a different temperature
- heat pump
- two way heat mover
- energy
- ability to cause change
- kinetic energy
- energy in the form of motion
- potential energy
- stored energy
- work
- transfer of energy through motion
- mechanical energy
- total amount of energy in a system
- law of conservation of energy
- energy can not be created nor lost/destroyed under normal conditions
- temperature
- measure of average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
- thermal energy
- total energy of the particles that make up a material
- heat
- the energy that flows from something with a higher temperature to somethign with a lower temperature
- specific heat
- amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 [one] kilogram of the material
- newton's second [2nd] law of motion
- a net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the force
- air resistance
- force air exerts on a moving object
- terminal velocity
- highest velocity reached by a falling object
- projectile
- anything thrown or shot through the air
- centripetal acceleration
- acceleration towards the center of a curved or circular path
- centripetal force
- force that causes a moving object to moce in a curved or circular path
- isometic exercises
- muscles push against other muscles with or without gravity
- newton's third [3rd] law of motion
- describes action reaction pair this way: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
- momentum
- property a moving object has dut to its mass and velocity
- law of conservation of momentum
- the total amount of momentum of a group of objects does not change unless outside forces act on the object
- acceleration of gravity near earth
- 9.8m/s2
- speed
- rate of change in position ("rate of motion")
- instantaneous speed
- rate of motion at any given instant
- constant speed
- a speed that does not vary
- average speed
- total distance traveled divided by total time of travel
- velocity
- describes both speed and direction
- acceleration
- the rate of change in velocity
- time interval
- amount of time that passed while the change of velocity was taking place
- Δ means what?
- "delta" = change in
- force
- push or pull one body exerts on another
- balanced forces
- forces that are equal in size and opposite in direction
- net force
- the resulting velocity of an object when multiple forces are applied to it
- inertia
- the tendency of an object to resist any changes in motion
- friction
- force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching eachother
- gravity
- attracting force exerted by every object on every other object. the amount of the force depends on the masses of the objects and their distance apart
- weight
- measure of the force of gravity on an object, usually the force between earth and an object at its surface
- rate
- change over time
-
newton's first [1st] law of motion
(Law of inertia) - an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless an outside force acts upon it
- mass
- amount of matter in an object
- name the strokes
-
1.) intake stroke
2.) compression stroke
3.) power stroke
4.) exhaust stroke - intake stroke
- carburator - gas is broken into fine droplets and mixed with air. intake valves open, piston moves down - takes in fuel-air mixture
- compression stroke
- intake valve closes - piston moves up, fuel-air mix is squeezed/compressed into a smaller space
- power stroke
- hot spark ignites fuel-air mix
- exhaust stroke
- piston moves up, compresses the waste products left over from the burning the fuel-air mix. valves open, let waste out
- diesel engines
- fuels is injected into compressed air in the cylinder - engine has NO spark plugs, hot enough to ignite self
- metric measurements ++ values
-
kilo - 1000
hecto - 100
deka - 10
meter -1
deci -.1
centi -.01
milli -.001