fundamentals of nursing
Terms
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- health
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each person defines health in termso fhis or her own values and beliefs.
Health integrates all dimensions---physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, spiritual, and evironmental aspects. - illness
- response of the person to a disease: it is an abnormal process in which the person's level of functioning is changed. Unique to each person.
- disease
- medical term meaning that there is a pathologic change in teh structure or function of the body or mind.
- acute illness
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rapid onset and short duration.
stage 1: experiencing symptoms
stage 2: assuming the sick role. seeks validation, gives up normal activities, focus on symptoms...
stage 3: assuming a dependent role. pt's decision to accept the diagnosis and follow trt plan.
stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation. - chronic illness
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one or more of following:
-permanent change
-causes or is caused by, irreversible alterations in normal anatomy and physiology.
-requires special pt ed for rehab.
-requires a long period of care or support.
Chronic illnesses: usually slow onset and have periods of remission and exacerbation - Agent-host-environment model
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-useful for examining the causes of disease in an individual.
-the agent, host, and evironment interact in ways that create risk factors. - Health-illness continuum
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-way to measure a person's level of health.
-views health as a constantly changing state, with high-level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale. - High-level wellness model
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-functioning ot one's max potential while maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment.
-differentiates "wellness" from "good health"
-good health: passive state.
-wellness: active state, regardless of state of health.
Dunn also defined processes that help a person know who and what he or she is:
-being (recognizing self as separate and individual)
-becoming (growing and developing)
-befitting (making personal choices to befit the self for the future) - Health Belief Model
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-what people perceive to be true about themselves in relation to their health.
Based on 3 components of perceptions of threat of a disease:
1-perceived susceptibility
2-perceived seriousness of a disease
3-perceived benefits of action. - Health promotion model
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"multidimensional nature of persons interacting with their environment as they pursue health"
-Model incorporates individual characteristics and experiences and behavior specific knowledge and beliefs, to motivate health promoting behavior.
-the components of the model can be used to design and proved interventions to promote health for individuals, familes, and communities. - risk factors for illness
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-something that increases a person's chance for illness or injury.
-age
-genetics
-physiologic (obesity)
-health habits
-lifestyle
-environment - Health dimensions
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factos influencing a peron's health-illness status, health beliefs, and health practices.
-physical dimension
-emotional
-intellectual
-environmental
-sociocultural
-spiritual
nursing assessments of strength and weaknesses in each dimension are used to develop a plan of care. - physical dimension
- genetic, age, developmental level, race, adn gender
- emotional dimension
- how the mid affects the body function and responds to body conditions also influences health.
- sociocultural
- health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture.
- spiritual dimension
- spiritual beliefs and values are important components of a persons health and illness behaviors.
- Basic human needs
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-physiologic needs
-safety and security
-love and belonging needs
-self-esteem needs
-self-actualization - primary preventive care
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directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes.
-health risk assessments
Examples of activities:
-immunizations, family planning, teaching BSE, poison-control information, accident-prevention education. - secondary preventive care
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focuses on early detection of desease, prompt intervention, and health maintenance for pts experiences health probs.
-goal is to reverse or reduce the severity of the disease or to provide a cure.
examples of activities:
-carrying out direct nursing actions
-assessing children for normal growth and dev.
-encouraging regular medical and dental screening and care. - Tertiary preventive care
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begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate pts to a max level of functioning.
examples:
-teaching a pt w/ diabetes how to recognize and prevent complications
-using physical therapy
-referring to support group.