MDT 15.7 Gastrointestinal Test 2
Terms
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- What is a decrease in the frequency, volume, or ease of stool passage?
- Constipation
- What are 2 causes of constipation in regards to physical activity?
-
Inadequate exercise
Prolonged bedrest - What are 3 causes of constipation other than decrease physical activities?
-
Neurogenic abnormalities
Psychogenic disorders
Enemas - In the TX/ prevention of constipation how much fluid should a person consume?
- 6-8 glasses
- What is Psyllium bhdrophilic mucolloid and methylcellulose?
- Metamucil
- What is a side effect of Metamucil?
- Increased flatus
- What is the mixture for Soapsuds Enema?
- 75ml per liter of water
- What type of enema is a Soapsuds enema?
- irritating
- What is a collection of putty-like or hardened feces in the rectum or sigmoid colon?
- Fecal impaction
- What are two possible TX for a Fecal Impaction?
- Digital break up or Dislodged by Sigmoidoscopy
- What is a medical emergency caused by a complete or partial blockage of the small or large bowel lumen?
- Intestinal Obstruction
- Carcinoma is usually associated with what in an intestinal obstruction?
- Large bowel obstruction
- What usually results from a paralytic ileus and is the most common of all intestinal obstructions?
- Nonmechanical obstruction
- What is a hallmark sign of mechanical obstruction?
- Distended abdomen
- What type of pattern develops in a small bowel obstruction?
- Stepladder pattern of alternating fluid gas levels
- Most cases of Paralytic Ileus disappear spontaneously in how many days?
- 2-3 days
- What is the 5 year survival rate in rectal cancer?
- 80%
- What is the 5 year survival rate in colon cancer?
- 85%
- Where does a greater incidence of colorectal cancer occur in regards to economic development?
- Areas of high economic development (METROPOLITANS).
- What is seen in 80% of pt.'s with portal HTN regardless of cause?
- Splenomegaly
- What is a reversible disease and the most common precursor of cirrhosis
- Alcholic hepatitis
- What is a DDX for Alcoholic hepatitis?
- Cholecystitis
- What is the definition of vomitting blood?
- Hematemesis
- What is the term for black tarry stool?
- melena
- What is the term for passing gross blood per rectum?
- Hematochezia
- What usually indicates a lower GI bleed?
- Hematochezia
- A pt that presents with a pulse rate > 110, bp less than 100 (or orthostatic drop of 16mmHg or more), oliguria, cold clammy extremities, and often mental status change, what is the possible DX?
- Major blood loss from GI bleed
- What bulk forming laxative is used to relieve constipation?
- Metamucil
- What is the sig for SS enema?
- 75ml of soap sol. per lt. of water
- What is associated with large bowel obstruction and the cause of mechanical obstruction?
- Carcinoma
- What is the most common complaint in all types of bowel obstruction?
- Hiccups
- What drugs can cause an increased water content in stool?
- Ducosate sodium or calcium (Surfak, Colace)
- What are the functional causes of fecal impaction?
-
Bulk Laxative
Antacids
Residual barium from X-ray study
Low residue diet, starvation
Drug-induced colonic stasis
Prolonged bedrest and debility - Why must you order functional studies for a pt. w/ nausea and vomiting?
- R/O other GI causes
- This may be self induced or may occur involuntarily in situations perceived by the pt. to be anxiety inducing, threating or in some way distasteful?
- Functional N/V
- Pt. with a non-mechanical bowel obstructin such as paralytic ileus usually describes it how?
- As diffuse abdominal discomfort, instead of colicky pain
- This is used for visual inspection and photography of the colon up to the ileocecal valve and permitsaccess for biopsies of lesions?
- Colonoscopy