West Civ:The Greeks
Terms
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- Knossos
- Minoan Palace, decked out with jewels and frescos (plumbing, heat)
- Lycurgus
- Set the basis for society in Sparta: how you're born and raised
- Peloponessian League
- one of the first alliances in history, used to fight Athens.
- Minoans
- settlers who reach Crete, masters of trade, power to women, culture:bull is sacred
- Solon
- member of the areopagus, cancelled debt slavery, decided that everyone could only grow olives, created middle class by allowing the artisans to be citizens
- Theogeny
- Genealogy of the Gods, history of religion- by Hesiod
- Thucydides
- Wrote history of the Peloponnesian war without bias
- Tyranny
- One person dictatorship
- Linear A
- has not been translated
- Paris
- stole helen, caused the trojan war, although she went willingly
- Cleisthenes
- goes to Delphi, rebuilds temple of Apollo, establishes demokratzia
- Iliad
- By Homer-the history of the Trojan War with Bias
- Achilles
- strongest soldier in the Trojan war, immortal except for a spot on his heel (ie achilles heel).
- Draco
- Wrote laws for Athens- the punishment were extremely strict
- Darius
- Persian King who began the Persian War by attacking the Athenians
- Democracy
- developed by Athens, people rule
- Xerxes
- son of Darius who continued the Persian wars
- Hector
- Achilles killed him and wouldn't give him a proper burial, until he finally returned him to his father. he also killed Achilles' cousin.
- Sparta
- a militaristic dominated powerful city state in greece
- Minos
- the king in the myth of the minotaur. greatest king of the minoans ever
- Ephors
- a group of older men who advised the kings
- Dark Age
- 400 years of no writing under the rule of the Dorians
- Delian League
- new league made (naval) after the Spartans drop out of the war and the Persians are deafeated
- Linear B
- Translated, used during the time of MInos
- Aristocracy
- rich people in power, poor people get fed up
- Periokoi
- Non-Spartan trained Merchants, not citizens
- Melian Dialogue
- Athenians think they're the best and go to Melos where the ask if they can take over, after they refus they kill every man and take the women/children as slaves
- Pericles
- Athenian general. first citizen of Athens, rebuilt the Acropolis
- Anarchy
- period between government changes (no government)
- Minoan Culture
- open market, bull fighting, frescos, bull is sacred
- Stategoi
- 10 generals to rule to army and navy, they can be ostracized
- Agamemnon
- king of Mycenae destroyed troy during the trojan war. Main part of the Orestia
- Zeus
- the king of the Gods, (thunder)
- the Odyssey
- by Homer- Journey of Odysseus home from the Trojan war.
- Hippias
- son of pisisstratus, his brother is killed so his was an angry tyrant, so he expels some of the upper class, including Clysthenes
- Minotaur
- the myth of the minotaur was that Theseus is chosen to get eated by the half man half bull minotaur he falls in love with the princess of king minos who owned the minotaur and she gave him string to make a path out of the labyrinth where the minotaur lived.
- Sappho
- From Lesbos, worshipped muses, wrote about love, pleasure, and dancing, she wrote history
- acropolis
- "the city at the top of the hill" place where high priest and king lived. it was for defense.
- Thermopolae
- Spartan 300 story- the Spartan 300 hold the Persians at Thermopolae for 3 days without help)
- Dorians
- mysterious sea peoples that took over Greece for 400 years
- Ephialtes
- Traitor of the Spartans, he showed the Persians a goat trial to defeat the Spartan 300.
- Gerusia
- Council of 28 elders, 60 year old male citizens, made all main decisions
- Hesiod
- Writer from central Greece: Theogeny/ Work and Days
- Nicias
- Peace of Nicias, a shaky truce between Sparta and Athens for years
- Themistocles
- convinces Athens to produce trimeres (ships with the levels of oars)
- Leonidas
- king of Sparta during the Persian War. (Spartan 300)
- Monarchy
- village cheif is the king-"people seek order"
- Mycenae
- influenced greatly by the minoans, settld in the south of greece. dominant city of all the geek states
- Peloponessian War
- Athens vs Sparta, Sparta won but didn't do anything to Athens
- Attica
- Large part of Southern Greece become dominant through trade
- Troy
- city destroyed during the trojan war
- Minoan women
- powerful and respected, the greatest god was mother earth
- Mount Olympus
- the mountain on which the Gods lived and partied.
- Odysseus
- main character in the Odessey
- Menelaus
- Agamemnon's brother, king of Sparta, married to Helen, characted in the Iliad.
- ostracism
- every year you could vote to remove someone if you thought they were becoming too powerful- they'd be removed from Athens for 10 years with 6,000 votes
- Ecclesia
- Public assembly, 30 year old male citizen, voted, but not a lot of authority
- Polis
- city in Greece
- Agora
- marketplace in the Acropolis. center of trade and social life
- Alcibiates
- the traitor of the Athenians, he taught the Spartans how the Athenians fight
- Oligarchy
- small group of people run the government
- Hoplites
- warrior class in ancient Greece
- Battle of Marathon
- Persian land at Marathon and Pheidipedies runs from Athens to Sparta and the Spartans say no, and when he goes back to Athens they have won when he goes to Sprta to tell them he says NIKE and dies.
- lions gate
- the first and largest arch in Mycenae, it was the first to use the keystone
- Hellots
- Mycenaen slaves in Sparta
- Consuls
- Two Spartan Kings that were the head of the military
- Homer
- poet, wrote the Iliad and the odessey. provided a history for the Greeks
- Phalanx
- the position the Spartans fought in. the system was to protect the man next to you
- Theseus
- the guy in the myth of the Minotaur
- Pisisstratus
- "the tyrant" popular military leader from the highlands Attica. organizes an army from poor frmers, loved by lower class-gave land to people, built temples