Ch. 7
Terms
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- Augustus (Octavian)
- lead army to declare war on Mark Antony, emperor, "revered one"
- gladiators
- trained fighters who were usually slaves
- Gaius Marius
- roman general who was elected consul who brought major changes to the roman political scene
- Constatine
- an emperor who reunited the two Roman empires but it didnt work very well one of the very first religous leders
- Galen
- physician who wrote several volumes that summarized all the medical knowledge of that day
- the Gracchi
- Two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius., the Gaius brothers who were tribunes and murdered
- Five Good Emperors
- Series of Rulers-, ruled Rome for 100 years, Nerca, Trajan, Hadrian, Pius, Aurelius
- Julius Caesar
- Roman Dictator, assainated by the members of his senate
- Pax Romana
- means Roman peace; a period of peace and prosperity; at this time, the Roman Empire included more than 3 million square miles and its population numbered between 60 and 80 million people
- patricians
- powerful land owners who controlled the government
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla
- elected consul in 88 BC; after his rule, he attacked rome and started a civil war
- Gnaeus Pompey
- He joined J. Caeser and Licinius Crassus and formed the first Triumvirate
- Ovid
- wrote love lyrics and the metamorphoses
- equites
- a class of business people and landowners
- Huns
- A nomadic tribe in western Asia who conquered much of central and eastern Europe; known for their cruelty and destructiveness
- Attila
- leader of the Huns
- Goths
- German invaders
- Virgil
- an Italian poet who wrote the most famous work of Latin literature, the Aeneid
- plebeians
- made up most of the population (farmers and workers)
- Plutarch
- another greek writer; wrote parallel lives - a collection of Greek/Roman biographies
- consuls
- made up of 2 men. commander in cheif, administrators, veto, military leaders, Chosen for a year
- Punic wars
- 3 conflicts between Rome and Carthage over control of the Mediterranean and oversea expansion
- dictator
- absolute ruler who had power over army and courts could rule for up to 6 months
- Tacitus
- accurate history of Rome, annals and histories
- aqueducts
- bridgelike structures carried water from the mountains
- Hannibal
- One of the greatest generals who led Carthage.
- triumvirate
- a group of three leaders; one example is Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey
- republic
- a form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state
- Scipio
- the Roman general who defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama
- pope
- head of the Roman Catholic Church
- patriarchs
- bishops of empires
- tribunes
- 10 officials who had some power over actions made by the Senate and other public officials.
- Cleopatra
- daughter of the ruling Ptolemy family in Egypt-, the last ruler of ancient Egypt
- Jesus
- Son of God: , a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth
- rabbis
- Jewish scholars who interpreted scripture and were learned Jewish law
- Ptolemy
- one of Alexandria's most renowned astronomers who incorrectly placed the earth at the center of the solar system; this view was accepted for the next 14 centuries
- bishops
- headed the church in each city above the priests
- censors
- registered citizens according to their wealth, appointed candidates to the senate
- Spartacus
- led a slave revolt in which more than 70,000 slaves took part in.
- martyrs
- people who died for their faith
- Julio -Claudian Emperors
- relatives of Ceasar
- inflation
- when the price of all goods rise. the increase in the price of some set of goods and services in a given economy over a period of time.
- praetors
- to help the consuls by commanding armies
- Horace
- wrote of human emotions in odes, satires, and epistles(letters)
- veto
- To forbid or prohibit authoritatively; refusal of permission
- checks and balances
- a system in which each branch of govt. is able to check, restrain, the powers of the others
- Diocletian
- emperor of Rome, general, created divided rule which eventually lead to the decline and the civil war of the empire
- Vandals
- another tribe who invaded rome
- Marc Antony
- Was in a triumvirate, but then got kicked out of the throne by Octavian