Chapter 7
Terms
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- equites
- Class of business people and landowners in ancient Rome who had wealth and power
- Plutarch
- a Greek who wrote Parallel Lives, a collection of Greek and Roman biographies
- Scipio
- the Roman general who defeated Hannibal in 202 B.C.
- Gnaeus Pompey
- one of the generals who joined with Caesar to form the first Triumvirate
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla
- an elected consul who wanted to take military command after his consul term had expired
- Huns
- nomadic peoples from Asia who lived by raiding and plundering
- Gaius Marius
- a Roman general who was elected consul in 107 B.C. who brought major changes to the Roman political scene
- Juilo-Claudian Emperors
- relatives of Julius Caesar who ruled the empire
- censors
- Roman officials who registered citizens according to their wealth
- Goths
- the heavily armed tribe made up of the western Visigoths and the eastern Ostrogoths
- consuls
- chief executives elected to run the government in ancient Rome
- Punic Wars
- Three costly conflicts between Romans and Cathaginians over control of the Mediterranean and overseas expansion
- Horace
- a Roman poet who wrote of human emotions, odes, satires, and epistles (letters)
- Five Good Emperors
- the Flavians who ruled the empire until A.D. 96 who started with Emperor Nerva
- Vandals
- peoples who crossed the border with little opposition and proved to be a serious threat
- praetors
- elected Roman officials who helped the consuls
- Spartacus
- a slave who led a brutal revolt and was later killed in battle
- Attila
- leader of the Huns
- patricians
- Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society
- Hannibal
- one of the greatest generals of all time who assembled a huge Carthaginian army to fight Rome
- Augustus (Octavian)
- a consul who didn't present himself as king or emperor but as princeps, or first citizen
- Pax Romana
- "Roman Peace"
- checks and balances
- system of government that prevents any one part of the government from becoming too powerful
- the Gracchi
- the brothers Tiberius and Gaius
- tribunes
- officials elected by Rome's popular assemblies
- Diocletian
- a general in the Roman aarmy who realized that the empire had grown too large for one person to manage so he appointed a co-emperor and two assistants
- republic
- form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state
- triumvirate
- "rule of three"
- Marc Antony
- a general and ally of Caesar's who drove out the conspirators and took control in Rome
- plebeians
- Farmers and workers who made up most of the Roman population