Ch. 27
Terms
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- 6 new countries
- Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Syria, Iraq, Palestine, Transjordan
- Berchtold/Holwieg
- One was the Austro Hungarian Foreign minister who sent the ultimatum to Serbia. Other was German Foreign Minister who gave the "blank check"
- Pershing
- Leading General of US in WWI
- 3 French Generals
- Joffre, Nivelle, Petain
- General Haig
- Commander of the British Forces in WWI
- Battle of Jutland
- Largest naval battle of WWI. (May-June) Brits vs. Germans off N England. No clear winner
- Von Schlieffen
- German strategist. Designed the plan to take out France through Belgium to avoid a 2 front war.
- May 7, 1915
- Lusitania sunk by German U-boats
- April 6, 1917
- America enters WWI
- Kerensky
- Leader of Russia's provisional government. Armed and was overthrown by the Bolsheviks.
- Spanish Flu
- Epidemic hit all over world and killed 5% of the world's population.
- Laurence of Arabia
- Served in Middle East during WWI. Helped Arabs revolt against Ottomans.
- Black Hand
- Serbian Nationalist group. Helped start WWI with killing Archduke Ferdinand
- Entente Cordial
- UK and France. April 8, 1904. Ended pointless fighting b/e the two
- Battle of Verdun
- (Feb-Dec 1916) German Offensive under Falkenhayn against the French under Petain. French hold the line and defeat the Germans. About 700k casualties
- Six new weapons
- Tanks, poisonous gases, submarines, strategic bombers, depth charges, blimps, flame-throwers, Big Berthas
- Sir Edmund Grey
- British Foreign Minister. "Lamps are going out all over Europe". Saw WWI for what it would be.
- Russia in 1915
- Few weapons and soldiers, many deaths and losses
- Stalin and Trotsky
- One was educated and lived in the US. The other was more ambitious and stole the power.
- Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
- German submarine policy that attacked any ship in sight
- Gavrilo Princip
- Assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand
- Duma
- Russian Parliament
- Reds vs. Whites
- Bolsheviks defeated the Socialist Revolutionaries
- Brest-Litovsk treaty
- Treaty between Germany and Russia. Russia out of war, 1/3 of land, and half its industry
- 2nd Battle of the Marne
- Last major German offensive. Tried to get Paris. Stopped by combined effort of allies
- Moroccan Crisis
- Germany wanted French territory, Britain stopped them. Increased tension
- Lenin's Promises
- New economic policy- people owned goods but not land. Starting point
- Battle of the Marne
- (Miracle of the Marne Sept 1914) German march toward France. Allied forces win and create a stalemate
- Army Order #1
- Russian policy that allowed the killing of officers
- Treaty of Versailles
- Treaty that ended WWI.
- How to beat U-boats
- Mines, depth charges, airplane charges, and the American Convoy system
- "Big Four"
- Clemenceau, Wilson, Lloyd George, Orlando
- "Doomed Dynasties"
- Romanov, Hapsburg, Hohenzollern, Ottoman
- Sanitary Zone
- Countries between Western Europe and Communist Russia. They fell and became part of the Iron Curtain
- U.S. Involvement in the war
- Delivered final punch. Very effective
- Battle of Somme
- (July 1916 to Nov. 1916) Allied Offensive under General Haig against Germans. Over 1 mil casualties. 6 mile front, first use of tanks. Allies Won
- November 11, 1918
- World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside of Compiègne in France. The war officially stops at 11:00
- Zimmerman Note
- Telegram intercept by the British to Mexico from Germany. Said Germany would help Mexico get back land from US if they helped
- Lenin's resistance
- Democrats and monarchists opposed him. Fanny Kaplan part of it
- Cheka
- Started by Lenin, his secret police force of 200,000 people. Ran labor camps and Gulags
- Ottoman Empire
- Sick man of Europe. Joined central powers
- Italy in War
- Flipped sides and declared itself neutral. Screwed in Treaty of Versailles
- July 28, 1914
- WWI begins
- Reassurance Treaty
- Bismarck tried to avoid a 2 front war by siding with Russia in 1887. Lasted only 3 years
- 3 German Generals
- von Moltke, von Hindenburg, Ludendorff
- June 28, 1914
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria