bio 11: Ch6
Terms
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- What is mitosis?
- A type of cell division when a daughter cell receives the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- What is cytokinesis?
- The division of cytoplasm.
- What is the interphase?
- The time interval between nuclear divisions. - cell inc. mass - doubles cytoplasmic components - duplicates chromosomes
- Define Chomatin and centromere
- 1. tangled fibrous complex of DNA + protein within a eukaryotic nucleus. 2. The structure that holds chromatids together.
- What is a sister chromatid?
- a chromosome and it's duplicate, attached to one another by a centromere. They are attached until separated in mitosis.
- Explain process of Prophase. (early and late)
- Early Prophase: - chrm. condense (shorter and thicker) - centrioles move to opposite poles of cell and spindle fibres form. Late Prophase: - cont. condesing. - centrioles assemble and spindle fibres attach to centromeres of chrm. - Nuclear membrane starts to dissolve.
- Explain Metaphase.
- Metaphase: - chrm. line up at equatorial plate. - nuclear membrane dissolves completely.
- Explain Anaphase.
- Anaphase: - centromeres divide. - chrm, used to be chromatids, move to opposite poles of cell. - Identical set of chrms move to each pole.
- Telophase
- Telophase: -Chrms lengthen again. - Spindle fibers dissolve. - Nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. - each new nucleus contains 46 unique chrms.
- Define Cloning
- Forming identical offspring from single cell/tissue.
- Define Genetic Engineering.
- Intentional production of new genetic material by substituting or altering existing material.
- Define Biotechnology.
- Use if living things in industrial/manufacturing applications.
- Define: Metastasis.
- The event where a cancer cell breaks free from the tumor and moves into another tissure.
- Summary of Cancer.
- - uncontrolled growth of cells. - can reproduce in isolation.
- Define: Meiosis
- Two-stage cell division with the chrm number of parental cell is reduced by half. Meiosis is the process by which gametes are formed.
- Define: Gamete
- Sex cells that have a haploid chrm number.
- Define: Haploid
- Number of chrms in gamete.
- Define: Diploid
- Twice the number of chrms in gamete. All cells (except sex cells) have a diploid chrm number.