Physiology of Exercise #3

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Where the cell's DNA is stored?: Nucleus
Which of the following are NOT in the nucleus of a cell?: a. mitochondria
b. chromosomes
c. nucleus
d. nucleoplasm
The location on an enzyme where substrate binds is called the__________?: active site
The isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase found in skeletal muscle?: M-type
Splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules?: Glycolysis
A phospholipid molecule has a head and two tails. The tails are found?: In the interior of the membrane.
Uses a membrane bound system that contains cytochromes to produce ATP?: Electron transport chain
Endurance training increases the amount of LDH?: Inside the mitochondria
Produces NADH and Co2 and converts pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA?: Krebs Cycle
The common energy "currency" in cells?: ATP
The end product of glycolysis is?: Pyruvate
The 3 carbon backbone of a triglyceride is called?: Glycerol
The phosphorylation of ATP ehich occurs during glycolysis and Krebs Cycle is called?: Substrate-level phophorylation
The phophorylation of ATP that occurs during glycolysis and Krebs cycle is called_________.: substrate-level phophorylation.
The number of ATP formed the metabolism of glycerol?: 19
During cellular respiration, oxygen is reduced to form______.: water
This organelle has it's own DNA and increases in number with endurance training?: Mitochondria
The "cycle" in which lactate produced by skeletal muscle is shipped to the liver for gluconeogenesis?: Cori Cycle
The nonoxidative energy systems are used predominantly in the first_______minutes of exercise?: 2
Vesicles released from the rough E.R. are most likley on their way to the?: Golgi apparatus
Th amount of energy that is required to make a reaction "go?": Activation energy
Which of the following is capable of being reduced by either glycolysis or the Krebs cycle? a. FADH2 b. ADP c. pyruvate d. NAD+: NAD+
The face of the Golgi apparatus that faces the endoplasmic reticulum is the?: cis face
When NADH donates electrons to become NAD+ it has been?: oxidized
The partial or complete loss of electrons is called?: Oxidation
How many carbon atoms present in a molecule of lactate?: 3
The number of ATP formed from the metabolism of one molecule of glycerol?: 19
How many carbon atoms are present in a molecule of Acetyl-CoA?: 2
An abbreviation for the compound which must combine with Acetyl-CoA to start the Krebs Cycle?: OAA
What is the difference between an acid and a base?: An acid releases OH ions in solution, while a base accepts H+ ions.
The number of ATP's formed from one FADH2 molecule?: 2
The ATP-PCr and glyclytic energy systems are used predominantly in the first______ minutes of exercies?: 2
In an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, the molecule that loses electrons is said to be________?: oxidized
In the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP, what is the most direct source of energy used to convert ADP+Pi to ATP?: Energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system.
The partial or complete gain of electrons is called?: reduction
How many carbon atoms are present in a molecule of pyruvate?: 3
This pathway occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria?: Krebs Cycle
How many carbon atoms are present in a molecule of carbon dioxide?: 1
Lipids do not mix with water and are said to be_________?: Hydrophobic
The function of bicarbonate in the blood is?: To remove lactate from the blood.
An enzyme which converts pyruvate into lactate?: Lactate dehydrogenase
How many carbon atoms are present in a molecule of glucose?: 6
This organelle contains digestive enzymes and acts to destrot intracellular debris?: Lysosome
The normal pH of human blood is?: 7.4
The isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase found in skeltal muscle?: M-Type
If a cell metabolizes 10 molecules of glucose for energy production and no oxygen is availble, what is the maximum number of ATP's formed?: 20
In the reaction shown below, which of the following is an oxidized product?: 6CO2
The most immediate source for replenishing ATP within a cell?: Creatine phosphate
The transformation of pyruvate into lactate is called________.: fermentation
The dot over the V in VO2 indicates it's oxygen consumption _________?: per minute
An endergonic reaction has a Delta G that is?: Positive
When the name of a substance ends in -ase. the substance is most likely?: Enzyme
Produces ATP, NADH, and CO2?: Transistion Reaction
An amino acid which can be made into a fat is called?: ketogenic
Enzymes are composed of______?: protein
All carbon from a glucose molecule becomes_________after metabolism.: carbon dioxide
If a cell metabolizes 5 molecules of glucose for energy production and no oxygen is availble, what is the maximum number of ATP's formed?: 10
Ribosomes associated with E.R. are called?: Bound
The site where proteins are packaged and labeled in a cell?: Golgi apparatus
Most of the ATP made during cellular respiration is made by?: Oxidative phosphorylation
How many ATP can be produced during the oxidative breakdown of glucose?: 34
A metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytosol?: glycolysis and fermentation
This tryglyceride component is converted into Acetyl-CoA during beta oxidation?: free fatty acid
The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in the mitochondris?: Oxygen
Define enzyme? Discuss how enzymes function to speed up biochemical reactions?: An enzyme is a catalyst of protein and because it is a catalyst it is able to speed up the biochemical reaction without actually being consumed by the reation.
Catabolism of proteins. lipids and carbohydrates can result in a 2-carbon molecule called______which enters the Krebs Cycle?: Acetyl-CoA
When NAD+ accepts electrons to become NADH it has been______?: reduced
The breakdown of glucose is a(n)________ reaction?: exergonic and catabolic
The amount of energy that is availble to do work in a biological reaction is?: Free energy
During cellular respiration, oxygen is reduced to form?: water
The number of ATP's formed fromone NADH molecule?: 3
Regenerates NAD+ as pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol?: Fermentation
An amino acid which can be made into glucose is called________?: Glucogenic
The point of VO2 MAX oxygen consumption_________even as workload increases?: stays the same
This organelle is responsible for detoxifying drugs and poisons?: Smooth E.R.
An enzyme whichconverts pyruvate into lactate?: Lactate dehydrogenase

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