Microbiology Ch. 5 working glossary
Terms
undefined, object
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- the energy required to bring substrates to the reactive state
- activation energy
- a microorganism able to use o2 in respiration
- aerobe
- the sum total of all biosynthetic reactions in the cell
- anabolism
- a microorganism that either can or must grow in the absence of o2
- anaerobe
- the series of manipulations used to prevent contamination during the handling of sterile objects or microbial cultures
- aseptic technique
- a multiprotein enzyme complex embedded in the membrane that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP coupled to dissipation of the proton motive force
- ATP synthase/ATPase
- an organism capable of biosynthesizing all cell material from CO2 as the sole carbon source
- autotroph
- biochemical reactions leading to the production of usable energy (usually ATP) by the cell
- catabolism
- a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction but that is not consumed in the reaction
- catalyst
- a theory describing linkage of ATP synthesis to dissipation of a proton motive force
- chemiosmosis
- a cyclical series of reactions resulting in the conversion of acetate to two CO2
- citric acid cycle
- a small nonproein molecule that participates in a catalytic reaction as part of an enzyme
- coenzyme
- a culture medium composed of digests of chemically undefined substances such as yeast and meat extracts
- complex medium
- an aqueous solution of carious nutrients suitable for the growth of microorgansims
- culture medium
- a culture medium whose precise chemical composition is known
- defined medium
- a substance that can accept electrons from some other substance, thereby becoming reduced in the process
- electron acceptor
- a substance that can donate electrons to some electron acceptor, thereby becoming oxidized in the process
- electron donor
- energy requiring
- endergonic
- a protein that has the ability to speed up (catalyze) a specific chemical reaction
- enzyme
- energy releasing
- exergonic
- anaerobic catabolism in which an organic compound serves as both an electron donor and an electron acceptor and in which ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation
- fermentation
- energy available to do work; g^0' is free energy under standard conditions
- free energy
- a biochemical pathway in which glucose is fermented yielding energy (ATP) and various fermentation products. Also called the Embden-Meyerhof pathway
- glycolysis
- the production of ATP at tthe expense of a proton motive force formed by electron transport
- oxidative phosphorylation
- the production of ATP from a proton motive force formed from photosynthetic reactions
- photophosphorylation
- an energized state of the membrane resulting from the separation of charge and the elements of water (H+ vs OH-) across the membrane
- proton motive force
- a culture that contains a single kind of microorganism
- pure culture
- the inherent tendency (measured in volts) of a compound to donate electrons
- reduction potential (Esub0' under standard conditions)
- the process in which a compound is oxidized w/ o2 (or an o2 substitute) functioning as the terminal electron acceptor, usually accompanied by ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation
- respiration
- iron chelators that can bind iron present at very low concentrations
- siderophores
- production of ATP by the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate molecule from phosphorylated organic compound to ADP
- substrate-level phosphorylation