USMLE Step 1 Goljan Nutrition
Terms
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- Where does calcitonin work?
- Osteoclast inhibits bone reabsorption
- What receptor does PTH hook on?
- Osteoblast
- What does PTH releases?
- IL-1 Osteoclast activating factor
- What keeps a check on IL-1?
- Testosteron and Estrogen
- Why do women get osteoporosis?
- Menopausal Women, breaking bone down since IL-1 is not checked
- What enzyme is in the S.E.R. when you have increase P-450?
-
Gamma-glutamyl transferase
- key tests for alcoholics - Why does renal dz causes vitamin D deficiency? Caused by Diabetes Mellitus
- no alpha-1-hydroxylase
- Vitamin D from the store, what happens to it before it becomes activate?
-
25-OH D activated in the liver
- 1,25 OH D in kidneys by alpha-hydroxylase - Hypervitaminosis D? What happens?
- Increase Calcium (hypercalcemia), more Calcium in urine causing Stones.
- Type I Vitamin D is what?
- Missing alpah-1-hydroxylase
- What is wrong with Type II Vitamin D deficiency?
- Bad receptors
- What is vitamin E main fuction?
-
- Prevent lipid peroxidation of cell membranes
- protect membrane from breaking down by phospholipid A
- neutralizes oxidis LDL (makes it less injurious), i.e. cardioprotective - Who gets Vitamine E deficiency?
- Cystic Fibrosis Patients
- Does vitamin E deficiency cause hemolytic anemia?
- Yes! Susceptible to membrane damage (radical)
- Does vitamin E help myelin?
- Yes! Problems neurologicly since they disrupt the membranes in the brain. Spinalcerebellar Dz
- What vitamin enhances the activity of warfarin?
- Vitamin E excess!
- What changes k2(inactive) to k1?
-
epoxide reductase
k1 gamma carboxylates activates factors II, VII, IX, X
hydroxylates proline and lisine
activates them so they are fucntional - Warfarin does what?
- Blocks epoxide reductase, all vitamin K is K2 (inactive)
- Vitamine K deficiency?
-
Prolong Antibiotics
Poor Diets
New Borns