ch5 part 3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Depth cues make us automatically perceive the figures as three- dimensional The lengths of lines going off into the “distance†appear longer than they do when we view them oriented in the horizontal direction
- tabletop ilusion
- a misinterpretation of sensory stimuli
- illusion
- Depth cues make the top rectangle look farther down the tracks; Since the retinal images are the same size, but the top rectangle appears to be farther away, we perceive it to be a larger object
- Ponzo illusion
- Depth cues present when the moon is on the horizon make the horizon moon look farther away than when it is high in the sky (with no distance cues)
- moon illusion
- We perceive the men to be at the same distance, so we perceive the difference in retinal image size as indicating a differencein their actual size
- ames room illusion
- looking for a combination (conjunction) or two simple characteristics (e.g. shape and color)
- conjunction search
- accurate judgments about combinations if features depend on focusing our attention on each individual item
- implication
- mistakenly reporting that two characteristics "belong" together
- illusory conjunction
- proposes that object recognition occurs through hierarchical processing of increasingly complex detectors, starting with simple feature detectors
- process-model approach to perception
- hierarchy (network) of detectors, starting with simple feature detectors at the lowest level, then proceeding upward triggering more and more complex detectors
- feature nets
- Processing that starts at the most basic (i.e. lowest) level and proceeds “upward†to progressively higher, more complex levels
- bottom-up processing (data-driven processing)
- Takes meaning, context, expectations, familiarity into account when perceiving an object
- top-down processing (knowledge-driven processing)
- The activation of detectors in a feature net occurs in both a top-down and bottom-up fashion
- bidirectional activation example
- Describes how we recognize three-dimensional objects based on our perception of the components that make up those objects
- recognition by components (RBC)
- primitive 3-dimensional volumes (e.g. blocks, cylinders, wedges, cones, etc); building blocks of perception – most objects can be constructed using their various arrangements
- geons
- we can easily recognize an object we can identify its geons
- principle of componential recovery
- ganglion cells; small cell bodies responsive to color, fine details, stationary objects; majority of input provided by cones
- parvo cells
- ganglion cels responsive to movement and changes in brightness; majority of input provided by rods
- magno cells
- throughout the visual system, different cells analyze different aspects of the stimulus simultaneously
- parallel processing
- in the cortex-- (“what†pathway) – involved in identification of objects
- temporal pathway
- in the cortex-- (“where†pathway) – involved in locating objects
- parietal pathway
- the binding problem
- how do we recombine qualities into a unified perception rather than separate independent qualities?
- looking for a single, simple characteristic of the stimulus (i.e. orientation or shape or color
- feature search
- failure to see visible objects when attention is focused elsewhere
- inattentional blindness
- failure to detect seemingly obvious visual changes
- change blindness