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ch5 part 3

Terms

undefined, object
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Depth cues make us automatically perceive the figures as three- dimensional The lengths of lines going off into the “distance” appear longer than they do when we view them oriented in the horizontal direction
tabletop ilusion
a misinterpretation of sensory stimuli
illusion
Depth cues make the top rectangle look farther down the tracks; Since the retinal images are the same size, but the top rectangle appears to be farther away, we perceive it to be a larger object
Ponzo illusion
Depth cues present when the moon is on the horizon make the horizon moon look farther away than when it is high in the sky (with no distance cues)
moon illusion
We perceive the men to be at the same distance, so we perceive the difference in retinal image size as indicating a differencein their actual size
ames room illusion
looking for a combination (conjunction) or two simple characteristics (e.g. shape and color)
conjunction search
accurate judgments about combinations if features depend on focusing our attention on each individual item
implication
mistakenly reporting that two characteristics "belong" together
illusory conjunction
proposes that object recognition occurs through hierarchical processing of increasingly complex detectors, starting with simple feature detectors
process-model approach to perception
hierarchy (network) of detectors, starting with simple feature detectors at the lowest level, then proceeding upward triggering more and more complex detectors
feature nets
Processing that starts at the most basic (i.e. lowest) level and proceeds “upward” to progressively higher, more complex levels
bottom-up processing (data-driven processing)
Takes meaning, context, expectations, familiarity into account when perceiving an object
top-down processing (knowledge-driven processing)
The activation of detectors in a feature net occurs in both a top-down and bottom-up fashion
bidirectional activation example
Describes how we recognize three-dimensional objects based on our perception of the components that make up those objects
recognition by components (RBC)
primitive 3-dimensional volumes (e.g. blocks, cylinders, wedges, cones, etc); building blocks of perception – most objects can be constructed using their various arrangements
geons
we can easily recognize an object we can identify its geons
principle of componential recovery
ganglion cells; small cell bodies responsive to color, fine details, stationary objects; majority of input provided by cones
parvo cells
ganglion cels responsive to movement and changes in brightness; majority of input provided by rods
magno cells
throughout the visual system, different cells analyze different aspects of the stimulus simultaneously
parallel processing
in the cortex-- (“what” pathway) – involved in identification of objects
temporal pathway
in the cortex-- (“where” pathway) – involved in locating objects
parietal pathway
the binding problem
how do we recombine qualities into a unified perception rather than separate independent qualities?
looking for a single, simple characteristic of the stimulus (i.e. orientation or shape or color
feature search
failure to see visible objects when attention is focused elsewhere
inattentional blindness
failure to detect seemingly obvious visual changes
change blindness

Deck Info

25

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