Biology 1 CP Terms
Bio one terms from EHS. Mrs. Svencer's review pakcet
Terms
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- Mitosis
- cell division in every body cell but gametes in which two daughter cells are produced
- Ribosome
- small particle of RNA and protein that produces protein following instructions from nucleus
- plasma membrane
- made from phosolipid bilayer, it is secletivley permable
- Cytokenesis
- the division of the cytoplasm during the proceses of cell division
- cell wall
- outer boundry of plant cells, not found in animal cells
- Prophase
- the first stage of mitosis or meiosis in cell division, during which the nuclear envelope breaks down and strands of chromatin form into chromosomes
- unicelluar
- one cell organism
- recombiant DNA
- DNA that has been combined with other DNA
- Gamete
- Sex cell; sperm or egg
- Restriction Enzyme
- any of the enzymes that cut nucleic acid at specific sites and produce fragments
- prokaryote
- no nucleus, unicelluar
- DNA
- the double helix molecule that contains the genetic code
- Zygote
- resulting fertilized egg
- dependent variable
- That aspect of an experiment that is allowed to freely vary to determine if it is affected by changes in the independent variable.
- organism
- a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently
- Enzymes
- protein substances that speed up chemical reactions.
- Genes
- Factors that control traits.
- eukaryote
- "true" nucleus
- tissue
- group of similar cells that perform a paritcular function
- Meiosis
- cell division in gametes in which four daughter cells are produced
- Gregor Mendel
- Autrian monk that started the idea of genetics by breeding pea plants
- Diffusion
- The tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out evenly into the available space.
- multicelluar
- more than one cell organism
- Passive Transport
- way of moving molecules across membrane without need for chemical energy
- Anaphase
- the stage in mitosis or meiosis following metaphase in which the daughter chromosomes move away from each other to opposite ends of the cell
- Pedigree
- a graphic used to map the occurance of a genetic trait in a family
- chromatin
- clusters of DNA, RNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
- Human Genome Project
- project to map the human genome
- ecosystem
- The complex community of interdependent living things in a given environment.
- organ system
- Many groupings of tissues into a distinct structure, as a heart or kidney in animals or a leaf or stamen in plants, that performs a specialized task
- Heredity
- the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next
- Active Transport
- transport of a substance across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient with the need for chemical energy
- Chloroplast
- An organelle found only in plants and is used in photosynthsis that absorbs sunlight
- Oncogene
- cancer causing gene
- Cancer
- any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
- Asexual Reproduction
- reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
- independent variable
- Factor in an experiment that researchers manipulate so that they can determine its effect
- cytoplasm
- a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
- Alleles
- The different forms of the gene for a trait.
- Interphase
- the "in-between" period of division
- chromosomes
- contain DNA which determines traits
- Telophase
- the final stage of meiosis or mitosis, in which the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells form around the two sets of chromosomes
- organ
- a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function
- Osmosis
- the diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane
- animal cell
- cell with flexible cell (plasma) membrane
- Punnett Square
- diagram showing possible gene combinations
- cell
- the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
- Metaphase
- the stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle
- Nucleotides
- Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases
- Endoplasmic Riticulum
- the passage ways that carry proteins and other materials around the cells
- Cloning
- making a copy of an organism, recieves DNA from just one parent cell
- equilibrium
- a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates
- Transcription
- (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
- Sexual Reprodution
- reprodution in which two organisms' gametes join, creating a fertilized egg
- Base Pairing
- Adenine is paired with thymine; Guanine is paired with cytosine.
- plant cell
- cell with rigid outer cell wall
- Translation
- (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
- Golgi Body
- a structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell
- Trisomy 21
- condition in which an individual has three number 21 chromosomes
- Facilitated Diffusion
- when substances transport across cell membranes using protein carrier molecules