Paleolithic through Byzantine Empire
Terms
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- Aegean Greece
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Evolved, Peaceful Minoans - Island of Crete
King Minos
Unfortified cities and palace complexes
Such as the palace of Knossos
Disappear - Dark Ages
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Subsistence living
only culture is the retelling of the Iliad and the Odyssey - Classical Greece
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Golden Classical Age - art soars
Pericles founds delian league - military defense fund - Pericles accused of stealing from MDF Fund to beautify athens when he builds the parthenon
causes disunity, which leads to civil war
athens vs. sparta - sparta wins -
death of culture, unity - Hellenistic Age
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Multi-cultural, multiracial and cosmopolitan
art is filled with drama and virtuosity - Neolithic
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new stone age
farms and territories - Paleolithic
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old stone age
hunters and gatherers
totemistic - Archaic Age
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Greek culture is re-established
doric temples
democracy
kouros and kore
pre-socratic philosophers say "man is the measure of all things"
Victory in the persian wars - only time that greece is unified - Late classical
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socrates is questioning all things in all areas - he is consigned to death - accepts fate saying, "no man is above the law"
his students are plato and aristotle
phillip of macedonia will reunify greece
his son is Alexander the great, and he builds a great empire
upon his death the empire is split into 3 territories - Mesopotamia
- the cradle of civilization that is the land between the two unnavigable and unpredictable tigris and euphrates rivers giving rise to warring city states even today. major tribes are the sumerians and semetic tribes
- Akkadians
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warlike
King Sargon
conquered by the Babylonians - Assyrians
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Warlike
relief carvings
conquered by the persians - Egypt
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has 3,000 years of unity due to the predictable nile river
they have pharoahs that are "gods on earth"
they establish the first monotheism
they believe in the afterlife
they use heiroglyphics to write - Mycennean
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warlike
fortified cities
gold artifacts and weapons
Trojan war
disappear -
Sumerian / Semetic Tribes
2 major tribes of mesopotamia -
Evolved sumerian king is King Gilgamesh of The epic of Gilgamesh
they use cuniform writings
they are conquored by the Akkadians - Babylonians
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King Hammurabbi with his law code of retaliation
they are conquered by the warlike assyrians - Persians
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Indo-European
famous prophet is Zoroaster
Eastern method of contemplation or meditation - Etruscans
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evolved
engineers
ruled the Latin Romans
Romans rebel and establish the democratic Roman Republic - Unrest-Civil Wars
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Pompey vs Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar reforms the Law Code
Senate members Murder Julius Caesar
Brutus delivers the Killing Blow "Et Tu Brute"
Marc Antony and Octavius avenge julius caesar's death, but split over antony's association with cleaopatra
octavius wins... reforms the roman military and beauracracy, wins over the people and establishes the Roman Empire - Fall of the Roman Empire
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Empire is too large and unwieldy
Reasons for collapse: high taxes and inflation, lack of loyalty of foreigners in provinces, moving capitol to constantinople, growing power of the army, corruption, Christianity
the empire is split into east and west
the western empire falls
the eastern empire is assimilated by Christian Barbarian Goths and becomes the Byzantine Empire - Jews
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Semetic tribe from mesopotamia, that Abraham leads to Canaan
Many Jews go to Egypt because of Joseph the sympathetic hyksos semetic ruler
lasts for 100 years
egyptians reconquer egypt
in egypt moses receives the covenenat from god, the 10 commandments at mount sinai
Moses leads the jews out of egypt on the exodus back to canaan (israel)
where they establish a monarchy with 3 jewish patriarchs : David, Saul, and Solomon
the Jews are conquered 3 times and are dispersed until 1948 when britian gives israel back to the jews
the Jew's holy book is the Old Testament which contains the LAWS, WRITING, and PROPHECY
They believe in the coming of the messiah (even today) - Islam
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Muslims
the Prophet Mohammed received the last word of revelation from Allah in the form of the Koran which is based on the 5 pillars of wisdom: Alms to the poor, Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca, Fast during the month of Rammadan (only during the day),Monotheism, make a pilgramige to Mecca once in a lifetime
The only art allowed is calligraphy from the Koran - Roman Republic (500 Years)
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lasts for 500 years
government consists of the Senate with Patricians and the Assembly with Plebians
they give bread and circuses to the people
they build the forum and roads
they copy everything greek
the Punic and Galic wars increase thier territory
Corruption and insensitivity cause civil wars - Roman Empire (500 Years)
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lasts for 500 years
Octavius names himself Augustus Caesar and ushers in the Pax Romana (roman Peace) and the Golden Age
Augustus starts a propoganda building program
Rome continues to expand
they have many emperors-some good, some bad
Hadrian is a good one and ushers in the second golden age and builds the pantheon and colliseum
Rome has a common language - Byzantine Empire
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Golden Age
Justinian and Theodora
Justinian reforms the law code
He also builds Hagia Sophia and St. Catherines Monestary in Egypt where there are exquisite mosaics
Justinian burns the Great Library in Alexandria - Christianity
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Jesus was a jewish reformer, who claims to be the son of god
the holy book is the bible where Jesus teaches in Parables Like the Sermon on the Mount
there are 5 tenants of Christianity (feels)
Forgiveness, eternal life, equality, love, salvation
Jesus is crucified, ressurected and martyred
A peaceful rome allows the spread of christianity
Paul (Saul of Tarsus) is the first Missionary