Gross Anatomy - Lower Extremities
Terms
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- piriformis
-
Location: medial thigh
A: anterior sacrum
B: posterior greater trochanter
INN: s1-s2
Action: lateral rotation, abduction of hip - adductor longus
-
Location: medial thigh
A: superior pubic ramus
B: linea aspera of femur
INN: obturator nerve
Action: adduction and flexion of the hip - adductor magnus
-
Location: medial thigh
A: inferior pubic ramus, ischial tuberosity
B: linea aspera and adductor turbicle of the femur
INN: obturator nerve and tibial nerve (off sciatic)
Action: adduction, extension and flexion of the hip - adductor brevis
-
Location: medial thigh
A: inferior pubic ramus
B: proximal linea aspera
INN: obturator nerve
Action: adduction and flexion of the hip - pectineus
-
Location: medial thigh
A: superior pubic ramus
B: pectineal line of femur
INN: obturator and femoral nerves
Action: adduction and flexion of the hip - gracilis
-
Location: medial thigh
A: inferior pubic ramus
B: medial proximal tibia
INN: obturator nerve
Action: adduction of the hip, flexion of the hip and knee, medial rotation - vastus intermedius
-
Location: anterior thigh
A: anterior body of femur
B: patella/tibial tuberosity
INN: femoral nerve
Action: extension of the knee - vastus lateralis
-
Location: anterior thigh
A: linea aspera of femur
B: patella/tibial tuberosity
INN: femoral nerve
Action: extension of the knee - vastus medialis
-
Location: anterior thigh
A: linea aspera of femur
B: patella/tibial tuberosity
INN: femural nerve
Action: extension of the knee - rectus femoris
-
Location: anterior thigh
A: anterior inferior iliac spine
B: patella/tibial tuberosity
INN: femoral nerve
Action: flexion of the hip - sartorius
-
Location: anterior thigh
A: anterior superior iliac spine
B: medial proximal tibia
INN: femoral nerve
Action: abduction and flexion of the hip, flexion of the knee, lateral rotation of the limb - semimembranosus
-
Location: posterior thigh (hamstrings)
A: ischial tuberosity
B: medial condyle of tibia
INN: tibial nerve
Action: extension of the hip, flexion of the knee (mainly limits anterior swing of leg during locomotion) - semitendinosus
-
Location: posterior thigh (hamstrings)
A: ischial tuberosity
B: proximal medial tibia
INN: tibial nerve
Action: extension of the hip, flexion of the knee (mainly limits anterior swing of leg during locomotion) - biceps femoris
-
Location: posterior thigh (hamstrings)
A (long head): ischial tuberosity
A (short head): distal linea aspera
B: head of fibula
INN (long head): tibial nerve
INN (short head): peroneal nerve
Action (long head): extension of the hip, flexion of the knee (mainly limits anterior swing of leg during locomotion
Action (short head): flexion of the knee - gluteus minimus
-
Location: gluteal region
A: between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
B: anterior greater trochanter
INN: superior gluteal nerve
Action: abduction, medial rotation (mainly these prevent adduction of hip when weight is borne on one leg) - gluteus maximus
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Location: gluteal region
A: posterior superior ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
B: gluteal tuberosity, iliotibial tract
INN: inferior gluteal nerve
Action: power extension, lateral rotation of hip - gluteus medius
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Location: gluteal region
A: between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
B: lateral greater trochanter
INN: superior gluteal nerve
Action: Action: abduction, medial rotation (mainly these prevent adduction of hip when weight is borne on one leg) - tensor fascia latae
-
Location: gluteal region
A: iliac crest
B: iliotibial tract
INN: superior gluteal nerve
Action: flexion, medial rotation, abduction of hip -
superior gemellus
obturator internus
inferior gemellus -
Location: gluteal region
A (obt. int.): posterior obturator membrane
A (gemelli): lesser sciatic notch, ischial spine and tuberosity
B (obt. int.): medial greater trochanter
B (gemelli): obturator internus tendon
INN: l5-s1
Action: lateral rotation, hip abduction - quadratus femoris
-
Location: gluteal region
A: body of ischium, ischial tuberosity
B: intertrochanteric crest
INN: l5-s1
Action: lateral rotation of hip - obturator externus
-
Location: gluteal region
A: anterior obturator membrane
B: trochanteric fossa
INN: obturator nerve
Action: lateral rotation of hip - psoas major
-
Location: iliopsoas
A: t12-l5
B: lesser trochanter
INN: l2-3, femoral nerve
Action: flexion of hip - iliacus
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Location: iliopsoas
A: iliac fossa
B: lesser trochanter
INN: l2-3, femoral nerve
Action: flexion of hip