1960's
Terms
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- SCLC
- Southern Christian Leadership Conference, churches link together to inform blacks about changes in the Civil Rights Movement, led by MLK Jr., was a success
- rock N roll
- Music that was blamed for teenage delinquency
- Kent State Incident
- shooting of students(protesting invasion of cambodia) by members of the Ohio National Guard
- Watts Riots
- riot which lasted six days in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, California
- Affirmative Action
- a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities
- Rebel without a cause
- story of a rebellious teenager expose the rift between two generations
- andy warhol
- United States artist who was a leader of the pop art movement (1930-1987)
- Civil Rights Act (1964)
- LBJ barred discrimination in public places, outlawed discrimination for employment, protection for voting rights
- War Powers Act
- After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Congress passed it, granting the President unprecedented authority
- Credibility Gap
- The gap between the Johnson Administration and the American public support, A lack of popular confidence in the truth of the claims or public statements made by the federal government, large corporations, politicians, etc.
- counterculture
- a culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture
- Segregation
- a social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups
- ARVN
- Army of the Republic of South Vietnam
- Kerner Commission
- created in July, 1967 by President Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots in the United States
- Vietnamization
- during the Vietnam War to reduce United States troop strength in Vietnam and train the South Vietnamese to take over the fighting themselves
- Beat movement
- group of American writers who came to prominence in the late 1950s and early 1960s cultural phenomena
- Cesar Chavez
- United States labor leader who organized farm workers (born 1927)
- Easy rider
- 1969 road movie two bikers travel the south
- Consumer Culture
- A culture that is permeated by consumerism
- Stokeley Carmichael
- He was a black activist as member of CORE. As the movement progressed, he started to become more militant creating the cry of black power.
- Equal Rights Amendment
- constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender
- Phyllis Schlafly
- 1970s; a new right activist that protested the women's rights acts and movements as defying tradition and natural gender division of labor; demonstrated conservative backlash against the 60s
- Sesame street
- educated children November 10, 1969,
- Title IX
- The law requriers equal education opporitunities for females and males, including coeducational physical education classes is...
- Silent Majority
- that group of quiet honest hard-working middle class Americans who do their job, respect their country and support gov.; Nixon wants their votes in 1968 and 1972
- Brown v. Board of education
- This case tested the idea of "separate but equal" in education
- Rosa Parks
- United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913)
- jimi hendrix
- United States guitarist whose innovative style with electric guitars influenced the development of rock music (1942-1970)
- Ngo Dinh Diem
- Vietnamese leader gained controll of S. Vietnam- refused to hold elections to keep from communism
- woodstock
- 3 day rock concert in upstate N.Y. August 1969
- Fall of Saigon
- late in April 1975, communist forces marched into Saigon, shortly after officials of the Thieu regime and the staff of the American embassy had fled the country in humiliating disarray. The forces quickly occupied the capital, renamed it Ho Chi Minh City and began he process of uniting Vietnam under Hanoi.
- National Organization for Women
- Founded in 1966, the National Organization for Women (NOW) called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women. NOW also championed the legalization of abortion and passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution.
- federal communications commission
- an independent governmeent agency that regulates interstate and international communications by radio and television and wire and cable and satellite
- Napalm
- gasoline jelled with aluminum soaps
- chuck berry
- United States rock singer (born in 1931)
- elvis presley
- United States rock singer whose many hit records and flamboyant style greatly influenced American popular music (1935-1977)
- motown
- the largest city in Michigan and a major Great Lakes port
- bob dylan
- United States songwriter noted for his protest songs (born in 1941)
- Baby Boom
- the larger than expected generation in United States born shortly after World War II
- james dean
- United States film actor whose moody rebellious roles made him a cult figure (1931-1955)
- Robert McNamara
- The US Secretary of Defense during the battles in Vietnam. He was the architech for the Vietnam war and promptly resigned after the US lost badly
- Freedom Summer
- voting rights for african americans carried out by white college students. some were violently beaten/ one man killed.
- Ho Chi Minh
- Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969)
- Planned obsolescence
- Designed to last for a limited period of time; not durable.
- MLK Assassination
- assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee in 1968 sparked riots
- Rolling thunder
- Begins Feb.1965;Vietnam, Aerial Bombardment
- The graduate
- movie
- urban renewal
- the clearing and rebuilding and redevelopment of urban slums
- Black Power
- the belief that blacks should fight back if attacked. it urged blacks to achieve economic independence by starting and supporting their own business.
- White flight
- working and middle-class white people move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs
- Agent Orange
- a herbicide used in the Vietnam War to defoliate forest areas
- Betty Friedan
- United States feminist who founded a national organization for women (born in 1921)
- Pentagon Papers
- President tried to prevent the Times from publishing articles about his conduct of the Vietnam War. Congress ruled the President would be in violation of the 1st Amendment
- marilyn monroe
- United States film actress noted for sex appeal (1926-1962)
- Suburbs
- residential neighborhoods
- mass media
- two or more methods of communication used to reach the masses simultaneously.
- NAACP
- worked to gain equal rights for African Americans
- De Jure
- by right by law
- allen ginsburg
- American poet poem Howl
- Thurgood Marshall
- American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
- hippies
- a youth subculture (mostly from the middle class) originating in San Francisco in the 1960s
- Free Speech Movement
- led by Mario Savio it protested on behalf of students rights. It spread to colleges throughought the country discussing unpopular faculty tenure decisions, dress codes, dormitory regulations, and appearances by Johnson administration officials.
- William Westmoreland
- american general; was commander of us ground troops in south vietnam during vietnam war
- New Left
- a youth-dominated political movement of the 1960s, embodied in such organization as Students for a Democratic Society and the Ree Speech Movement.
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964)
- Montgomery Bus Boycott
- In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.
- Freedom Rides
- Freedom Riders rode in interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to test the ruling of unsegregated public places
- American Indian Movement
- an Indian activist organization in the United States. AIM burst onto the international scene with its seizure of the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters in Washington, D.C., in 1972 and the 1973 standoff at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. In the decades since AIM's founding, the group has led protests advocating Indigenous American interests, inspired cultural renewal, monitored police activities and coordinated employment programs in cities and in rural reservation communities across the United States.
- Little Rock 9
- incident in which troops (sent by president Eisenhower) helped integrate a high school by allowing nine black students to enter school peacefully and not be prevented by angry mobs.
- Tonkin Gulf Resolution
- two Am. ships had been attacked and this resolution ordered that the president take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the US to prevent further aggression
- Social Conformity
- conforming to the social norm like in ways homes were built
- Tet Offensive
- 1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment
- La Raza Unida
- a new political party in texas, it mobilized mexican american voters to push for job training programs and greater access to financial institutuions
- Vietnam Memorial
- war memorial located in Washington, D.C., that honors members of the U.S. armed forces who fought in the Vietnam War
- Domino Theory
- the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control
- Dean Rusk
- American Secretary of State from 1961-1969. Rusk was very militant, advocating military force in combating communism.
- Sit ins
- to protest at lunch counters that served only whites, African Americans students began staging this
- Civil Rights Act of 1968
- this law banned discrimination in housing, the segregation of education, transprotation, and employment, it helped African Americans gain their full votin rights.
- the beatles
- A British band that came over to America in 1961
- Vietcong
- the guerrilla soldiers of the Communist faction in Vietnam, also know as the National Liberation Front
- Orval Faubus
- He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of Little Rock public schools during the Little Rock Crisis, in which he defied the United States Supreme Court by ordering the Arkansas National Guard to stop African American students from attending Little Rock Central High School
- Ed Sullivan
- United States host on a well known television variety show (1902-1974)
- Malcom X
- spread ideas of black nationalism. disagreed w/ both the tactics and goals of the early civil rights movement. minister of the nation of isam. rejected his original name because it was his family's slave name
- My Lai Massacre
- In 1968 American troops massacred women and children in the Vietnamese village of My Lai; this deepened American people's disgust for the Vietnam War.
- Franchise
- a statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the rights of citizenship and the right to vote)
- James Meredith
- United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933)
- Black Panthers
- a militant Black political party founded in 1965 to end political dominance by Whites
- jack Kerouac
- United States writer who was a leading figure of the beat generation (1922-1969)
- Students for a Democratic Society
- Founded in 1962, the SDS was a popular college student organization that protested shortcomings in American life, notably racial injustice and the Vietnam War. It led thousands of campus protests before it split apart at the end of the 1960s.
- Busing
- achieving racial balance by transporting students to schools across neighborhood boundaries
- Voting Rights Act of 1964
- Civil Rights law that banned literacy tests and other practices that discouraged blacks from voting.
- Vietminh
- Vietnamese Communist groups that banded together to form a slarger and stronger party
- Geneva Accords
- is an extra-governmental and therefore unofficial peace proposal meant to solve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It would give Palestinians almost all of the West Bank and Gaza Strip and part of Jerusalem, drawing Israel's borders close to what existed before the 1967 war.
- Roe v Wade
- '73 Supreme ct decision that stuck down 46 state laws restricting women's access to abortion (highlighted divisions within women's mvmt