Advanced Nutrition 2
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- Serotonin, an important chemical relating to brain function, is produced by the body from typtophan. Using your knowledge of vitamins, what nutrient would be most important for this conversion?
- Vit B6-pyridoxine (amino acid metabolism)
- Does iron facilitate transfer of electrons in the respiratory chain?
- yes
- Taking iron supplements, when not needed, may supply too much non-heme iron which could increase risk for deficiency of Vitamin A through the adverse interaction with what nutrient?
- zinc
- The main univalent cation of intracellular fluid is?
- potassium (K+)
- Pantothenic acid is:
-
1. a "B complex" vitamin
2. involved in E metabolism (with CoA)
3. water soluble - Could a high dietary iron to zinc ration lead to reduced visual activity?
- Yes, this decreases zinc absorption which decreases RBP and vitamin A which decreases vision
- What is the UL for iron?
- 45 mg/day
- What nutrient has been reported to help improve glucose metabolism/utilization in the body?
- chromium
- The ionic form of iron that is absorbed the most efficiently is?
- Fe+2
- What vitamin is believed to function like a steroid hormone?
- calcitrol (active vitamin D)
- What vitamin directs cellular differentiation of epithelial cells?
- vitamin A
- What plays a contributing role in hydroxyapatite crystal formation?
- fluoride
- Lipoic acid:
-
1. decarboxlations
2. fatty acid (sulfur) derivative
3. fuctions in antioxidant pathways - What does low stomach acid do to vitamin K?
- may increase production of it
- At high intake levels do retinyl acetate supplements pose little risk for toxicity?
- no...very toxic, so use pro-vitamin A carotenoids instead.
- Can certain forms of kidney disease increase the risk for bone disease?
- yes, diseased kidney may not activate vitamin D
- What two nutrients are part of hydroxyapatite?
- calcium and phosphorus
- An increased risk for Vit K deficiency can be seen in?
-
1. newborns
2. long-term oral antibiotic use - What nutrient is important for kinase reactions (which promote phosphorylation in E pathways) and therefore involved in E metabolism?
- magnesium
- Vitamin B6 is indirectly involved in E metabolism due to its role in forming what nutrient?
- Niacin (tryptophan turns into niacin)
- Potassium intake/day recommendation
- 4700mg
- Excessive intake of various forms of what may enhance the risk for internal hemorrhage?
- vitamin E
- The activation of which enzyme below can be used to determine the nutritional status for riboflavin?
- glutathione reductase
- Which fat soluble vitamin has as a principle function the maintenance of membrane integrity?
- tocopherols (vit E)
- low sodium food is
- less than or equal to 140 mg/serving
- what substances enhance the uptake of non-heme iron into the gut cell?
- ascorbic acid (vit C), lactic acid, fish