Bio. Key Terms 3
Terms
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- cell theory
- principle that states all organisms are made of one or more cells that arise from other cells
- cell membrane
- lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that encloses the cytoplasm; essential to the cell's cytoplasm; also called the plasma membrane
- cytoplasm
- the interior of a cell
- cytoskeleton
- cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell momvement, shape, and division
- cell wall
- the structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support for the cell
- cilium
- in cells, one hairlike structure in tightly packed rows that are used for movement
- chloroplast
- organelle that uses light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water
- central vacuole
- membrane-bound cavity in plant cells used for storage
- light microscope
- microscope that uses a beam of light passing though one or more lenses to magnify an object
- electron microscope
- microscope that focuses a bean of electrons on an object to form an enlarged image
- magnification
- elargement of an image
- resolution
- in microscopes, a measure of the clarity of an image
- scanning tunneling microscope
- microscope that measures differences in voltage of electrons leaving the surface of an object and creates a three-deminsional image of the object; can be used to study living organism
- ribosome
- organelle on which proteins are made
- prokaryote
- single-celled organism without a nucleus; bacterial cell
- flagellum
- threadlike structure that gros out of a cell and enables it to move
- eukaryote
- organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane
- nucleus
- organelle that houses the DNA of eukaryotic cells
- organelle
- structure in eukaryotic cells that has a specialized function
- phospolipid
- lipid molecule in all membranes of a cell
- lipid bilayer
- foundation of cell membranes; composed of 2 layers of phospholipids
- endoplasmic reticulum
- cell membranes in the cytoplasm that transport substances made by the cell
- vesicle
- membrane-enclosed sac in a cell's membrane
- Golgi apparatus
- organelle that packages and distributes molecules produced by a eukaryotic cell
- lysosome
- organelle in eukaryotic cell that contains digestive enzymes
- mitochondrion
- organelle that produces much of the ATP made by a eukaryotic cell