Face & Head Muscles
Terms
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Origin:
Occipitofrontalis
(occipital belly) - Lateral two thirds of superior nuchal line of occipital and mastoid process of temporal.
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Insertion:
Occipitofrontalis
(occipital belly) - Galea aponeurotica covering skull.
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Action:
Occipitofrontalis
(occipital belly) - Draws back scalp and aids in wrinkling forehead.
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Origin:
Occipitofrontalis
(frontal belly) - Galea aponeurotica
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Insertion:
Occipitofrontalis
(frontal belly) - Fascia of facial muscles and skin above nose and eyes (near eyebrows)
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Action:
Occipitofrontalis
(frontal belly) - Draws back scalp, wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrows (tightens head; wrinkles forehead, etc)
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Trigger Point:
Occipitofrontalis -
Frontalis: area above eyebrow
Occipitalis: middle just above the nuchal line -
Origin:
Temporoparietalis - Lateral border of galea aponeurotica
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Insertion:
Temporparietalis - Fascia above and cartilage of the auricle (ear).
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Action:
Temporoparietalis - Raises ears and tightens scalp
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Origin:
Orbicularis Oris - Arises indirectly from the maxilla and mandible; fibers blend with fibers of other facial muscles associated with the lips
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Insertion:
Orbicularis Oris - Encircles mouth and inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth (tissues around)
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Action:
Orbicularis Oris - Closes and protrudes lips; compresses lips against teeth
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Other functions:
Orbicularis Oris -
"Kissing Muscle"
Important in whistling and forming many letters during speech. -
Origin:
Mentalis - Incisive fossa of mandible (indentation at chin)
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Insertion:
Mentalis - Skin of chin (bottom)
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Action:
Mentalis -
Elevates and protrudes lower lip, at same time wrinkling the skin of the chin
(pouting muscle) -
Origin:
Buccinator - Outer surface of alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe
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Insertion:
Buccinator - Angle ofmouth blending with fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle.
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Action:
Buccinator - Draws corner of mouth laterally, compresses cheek
- Muscle sometimes paralyzed when a client has Bell's Palsy
- Buccinator
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Trigger Point:
Buccinator - Belly of the muscle
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Referred Pain Pattern:
Buccinator - Upper Gum
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Origin:
Temporalis - Temporal fossa and temporal fascia
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Insertion:
Temporalis - Coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to the zybomatic arch (under the arch)
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Action:
Temporalis - Elevates and retracts mandible, assists in side to side movement of mandible
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Trigger Points:
Temporalis - Located anteriorly, medially, and posteriorly along the inferior aspect of the muscle near the tendon at the coronoid process of the mandible
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Referred Pain Pattern:
Temporalis - Temporal region, eyebrow, upper teeth
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Synergists:
Temporalis -
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid -
Antagonist:
Temporalis - Digastric
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Origin:
Masseter - Zygomatic process of maxilla and medial and inferior surfaces of zygomatic arch
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Insertion:
Masseter - Angle and ramus of the mandible
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Action:
Masseter - Elevates mandible and slightly protracts it
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Trigger Points:
Masseter - At the tendinour junction near the zygomatic arch and in the belly of the muscle.
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Referred Pain Pattern:
Masseter - Upper jaw, ear, eyebrow
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Synergists:
Masseter -
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid -
Antagonist:
Masseter - Digastric