A/S - healing process
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- A/S - healing process
- A/S - healing process
- When does wound healing begin?
- when tissue is damaged
- What is the goal of wound healing?
- to restore the injured tissue to its pre-wound condition in a short time w/ minimal loss of function
- What are the three phases of healing?
- Exudative phase, collagen phase, maturation phase
- Explain the exudative stage of healing
- passage of fluid & cells occurs along w/ the initial inflammatory response (redness, swelling, heat, loss of function, pain)
- Explain the collagen phase of healing
- granulation tissue (collagen & new capillaries) is formed - at the beginning of this phase there is not much strength in the healing area
- What is collagen?
- the major protein that binds cells & tissues together
- Explain the maturation phase of the healing process
- wound is covered with epithelium - contraction occurs in this phase
- What are 9 factors that can affect the healing process?
- nutrition, steroids, tissue debris, tissue handling, blood supply, infection, bleeding, foreign materials, motion
- How does nutirition affect the healing process?
- protein deficieny and anemia retard the healing process
- How do steroids affect the healing process?
- corticosteroids can decrease inflammation but also delay healing
- How does tissue debris affect the healing process?
- must be removed for healing to begin
- How does a tissue handling affect the healing process?
- tissue must be carefully handled w/ proper instruments and kept moist
- How does blood supply affect the healing process?
- it is essential for healing to occur - avoid strangulating the supply w/ tight sutures, bandages or excessive inflammation
- How does infection affect the healing process?
- delays wound healing
- How does bleeding affect the healing process?
- can help clean a wound, but pooled blood or blood clots are ideal for bacterial growth & infections
- How do foregin bodies affect the healing process?
- should be removed when cleaning a wound or they will be a source of infection and drainage tracts. Rmember that sutures are a foreign body as well
- How does motion affect the healing process?
- excessive motion of the skin around a wound delays healing
- Define incision
- clean cut w/ a sharp instrument
- Define contusion
- bruise/hematoma that is the result of a blow w/ a blunt instrument
- Define laceration
- cut caused by a jagged object (glass, barbed wire)
- Define puncture
- sm circular wound associated w/ injury to deeper structures (bite, bullet)
- Define abrasion
- scraping injury involving the skin
- What needs to be assessed for a patient w/ a wound (5)?
- animal conditions, type of damage, location, circulation to wound intact?, age of wound
- What is the "golden period" re: a wound?
- The first 8 hours after the wound is formed
- What are the three categories of wound management?
- 1st, 2nd, and 3rd intention healing
- What is 1st intention healing?
- immediate cleaning & suturing - usually for clean wounds that are <8 hrs old and uncomplicated - least scarring
- What is 2nd intention healing?
- Healing through granulation - most scarring
- What is 3rd intention healing?
- wound begins to heal through granulations and then is sutured after healthy granulation tissue is present - intermediate scarring
- What are 5 steps in initial prep of a wound?
- restraint, clip hair, clean skin, lavage wound, cover wound
- What are some solutions that can be used to lavage a wound?
- sterile saline, LRS, water, +/- hydrogen peroxide
- What are the 3 bandage layers?
- Primary (contact-guaze), secondary (absorbent - cotton), tertiary (protective - VetWrap)
- Bandaging: explain absorption function
- remove exudate from wound
- bandaging: explain protection function
- prev. further contamination and trauma
- bandaging: explain antisepsis function
- may contain antibiotics and antiseptics
- bandaging: explain pressure function
- decr dead space and fluid accumulation, may also provide homeostasis
- bandaging: explain immobilization function
- decreases pain and rests the wound
- bandaging: explain debridement function
- adherent primary layer will remove lacerated/devitalized/contaminated tissue when removed
- bandaging: explain packing function
- deep wounds can be packed w/ gauze that may be soaked w/ antiseptics
- bandaging: explain information function
- condition of bandage provides info about healing process and infection
- bandaging: explain aesthetic function
- open wounds are unappealing to look at, also protects household environment from drainage