Embryology - exam II
Terms
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- 2 shunts in embryo heart
- Ductis arteriosus + foramen ovale
- Where do cardia precursor cells come from
- Epiblast, implant in splanchnic mesoderm
- Where do blood islands located
- Yolk sac
- what suspends heart agains back wall of embryo
- Dorsal mesentery
- What holds heart in place
- Serous tissue
- 3 layers of heart tube
-
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium - Where do layers of heart tube derive from
- Epiblast then mesoderm
- Name parts of cardiac tube
-
Bulbus cordis
Primitive ventricle
Primitive right atrium
Sinus venosus - By what day does heart form loop
- Day 21
- Where do paired heart tubes form
- Cephalic region
- What does truncus arteriosus become in adult
- Proximal aorta and proximal pulmonary artery
- What does bulbus cordis become in adult
- smooth parts of right ventricle (conus arteriosus) and left ventricle
- What does primitive ventricle become in adult
- Right and left ventricles
- What does primitive atrium become in adult
- Right and left atria
- What does sinus venosus become in adult
- smooth part of right atrium, coronary sinus and oblique vein
- Most common defect of atrial septal defect
- Patent foramen ovale
- Foramen ovale
- Communication between right and left atria that is formed by walls of sepum primum and septum secundum
- What does foramen ovale do
- Allows blood to pass from venous to arterial side without going to lungs
- Dextrocardia
- Heart is located on the right side, isolated misplaced heart often accompanied by other anomalies.
- Name of anomaly when all of organs are transposed
- Situs inversus
- Situs inversus is usually accompanied by
- Kartageners syndrome - immotile cilia caused by defect in dynein arms results in lung disease and male sterility
- When does ductus arteriosus close
- First days of life
- Veins from which sinus venosus receive blood
-
Vitelline - drain guts
Umbilical
Cardinal - drain body wall - When does great venous shift from left to right occur
- 5th week of gestation
- Name two types of endocardial cushions
-
-Between bulbus cordis and truncus - from neural crest and serve to partition truncus
Between atria and ventricle - from splanchnic mesoderm amd partition atria, ventricles and AV canals - Primitive ventricle forms...
- Left ventricle
- Bulbus cordis forms
- Truncus cordis + right ventricle
- Truncus arteriosus
- Aorta + pulmonary artery
- What day does the heart start to beat
- Day 22
- What day does conducting system appear
- Day 25
- Describe atrial septal defects
-
Can involve persistent osteum secundum or common atrium (no septum)
Also can be defect in endocardial cushions or involving sinus venosum
Probe patency - very common - 10-15% - Describe ventricular septal defects
-
Typically involve membranous portion of septum
Clinical consequences depend on size of defect
Large defect can cause left to right shunting of blood
Small defects may close spontaneously - Transposition of great vessels
-
Septum that normally divides aorta and pulmonary trunk spirals in opposite direction
So-
-Aorta delivers blood from RA
-Results in cyanotic heart disease
-Normally seen with other defects
-If no surgery, will live only few months - Pulmonary atresia
-
pulmonary trunk has no lumen, blood flow depends on paten ductus arteriosus
Usually requires heart lung transplant - Aortic atresia
- Fusion of aortic valve
- Tetralogy of Fallot results from
- inadequate neural crest
- Tetralogy of Fallot consists from
-
Pulmonary Stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
Ventricular septal defect - All arteries, veins, lymph channels come from
- MESODERM
- Extraembryonic vessels come initially from
- Yolk sac
- Blood cells come from
- Yolk sac - liver- spleen, thymus, bone marrow
- When do pharyngeal arches form
- 4th-5th weeks
- Arches I and II supply
- head and neck
- Arch 3 forms
- Common carotid + internal carotid artery
- Arch 4 forms
- right subclavian artery + left aortic arch
- Arch 6 forms
- right pulmonary artery + left ductus arteriosus
- Vitelline arteries include
-
Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric
All supply gut - Branches from aorta
-
Intercostal
Middle suprarenal
Renal
Gonadal - Umbilical arteries come from
-
Aorta splits into right and left common iliac arteries.
Right common iliac artery splits into external and internal iliac arteries. Internal iliac gives rise to rght and left umbilical arteries - Which veins form hepatic portal system
- Vitelline veins
- Only one umbilical vein is left - is it right or left
- Left
- What does left umbilical vein form after birth
- Ligamentum teres hepatis
- What does ductus venosum form after birth
- Ligamentum venosum
- Name initial 4 cardinal veins
-
Right and left anterior cardinal veins
Right and left posterior cardinal veins - Which cardinal veins form during 5th, 6th and 7th weeks
-
Subcardinal - drain kidneys
Sacrocardinal - drain lower extremities
Supracardinal - drain body wall - What defect do you get if supracardinal vein persists
- Double inferior vena cava
- When do lymphatic vessels start to form
- Week 6 from mesoderm
- Name lymph sacs in embryo
-
2 jugular lymph sacs
2 iliac lymph sacs
1 retroperitoneaL
Cisterna chyli - unpaired sac forms near junction of lumbr lymph trunks - Lymphocytes derive from
- Stem cells in yolk sac
- Two parts of lateral mesoderm
- Splanchnic and somatic
- Cleft sternum
- Ventral body wall defect, results from lack of fusion of sternum
- Ectopis cordis
- Heart protrudes through sternal defect and lies outside of body
- What forms parietal layer of serous membranes
- Somatic mesoderm
- What forms visceral layer of serous membrane
- Splanchnic mesoderm
- Visceral and parietal layers are continuous with each other as..
- Dorsal mesentery
- Pericardioperitoneal canals
- Large openings at each side of foregut
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is caused by
- failure of pleuroperitoneal membranes to close pericardioperitoneal canals