Hematology Adult Med
Terms
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- Define Anemia
- Low amount of Hgb carrying ability
- Define Creatinen
- Crit is % of Hgb in blood
- Define Anisocytosis
- different sizes - still round, not different shape but size
- Define Poikilocytosis
- Different or a variety of different shaped cells
- Define Schistocytes
- fragmented cells on peripheral specimen; Found in hemolytic anemia
- Define target cells
- abnormal RBC with ring appearance. Low hypochromic anemia; thalessemia, splenectomy etc.
- Define reticulocytecound
- amount of immature RBC's in blood
- Define MCV
- Mean corpuscular volume: size: either Normocytic, microcytic or macrocytic
- Define MCHC
- mean corpuscular Hgb concentration: either normochromic or hypochromic
- Define Pica
- craving non foods; clay, dirt, etc. Indication of iron deficiency anemia
- Classify the following by cell size and color and indicate whether it is decreased or increased production: Iron deficiency:
- microcytic, hypochromic decreased production
- Classify the following by cell size and color and indicate whether it is decreased or increased production: Folic acid deficiency
- Macrocytic, normochromic and reduced RBC production
- Classify the following by cell size and color and indicate whether it is decreased or increased production: Pernicious anemia / vit. B12
- Lack of intrinsic factor; macrocytic, normochromic, reduced RBC production
- Classify the following by cell size and color and indicate whether it is decreased or increased production: Anemia of chronic disease
- slightly microcytic or normocytic, normochromic, possible decreased crit or normal crit
- Classify the following by cell size and color and indicate whether it is decreased or increased production: Aplastic anemia
- Bone marrow failure, reduced RBC production, normal looking cells
- Classify the following by cell size and color and indicate whether it is decreased or increased production: Hemolytic anemia (extrinsic and intrinsic)
- normal blastic, normocytic or microcytic, normochromic; schistocytosis, sickle cell, etc.
- Define extrinsic anemia
- from external factors like valvular implantation or splenectomy, etc.
- Define intrinsic anemia
- stemming from inside the cell like sickle cell or schistocytosis, etc.
- For the following anemia, give 1. signs and symptoms, 2. causes, 3. common lab findings and 4. treatment that is mostly associated with this disorder: iron deficiency
- 1.Pica, muscle spasms. 2. blood loss. 3. serum ferritin and total binding, to confirm. 4. iron supplements
- For the following anemia, give 1. signs and symptoms, 2. causes, 3. common lab findings and 4. treatment that is mostly associated with this disorder: Folic acid deficiency
- 1. GI, glossitis. 2. Dietary deficiency (chronic alcoholism) 3. folate levels 4. folic acid: Complications - neurotube defects in pregnancy
- For the following anemia, give 1. signs and symptoms, 2. causes, 3. common lab findings and 4. treatment that is mostly associated with this disorder: Pernicious anemia / vitamin B12
- 1. GI, Neuropathy 2. lack of intrinsic - surgeries 3. ? 4. B12 injections
- For the following anemia, give 1. signs and symptoms, 2. causes, 3. common lab findings and 4. treatment that is mostly associated with this disorder: Anemia of chronic diseas
- 1. ? 2. Autoimmune, Liver, CA, infection, RA. 3. ? 4. none, maybe erythropoiten
- For the following anemia, give 1. signs and symptoms, 2. causes, 3. common lab findings and 4. treatment that is mostly associated with this disorder: Aplastic anemia
- 1. gingival bleeding, purpura, petechiae 2. Chemo, congenital, idiopathic 3. All lab values LOW, bone marrow aspiration to confirm 4. Bone marrow transplant
- For the following anemia, give 1. signs and symptoms, 2. causes, 3. common lab findings and 4. treatment that is mostly associated with this disorder: Hymolytic anemia
- 1. Anemic sx 2. intrinsic: G6PD, spherocytosis, sickle cell, thalesemia's. extrinsic: burns, hypersplnia, auto-immune
- Give some basic anemic symptoms typical for all anemias
- fatigue, tachycardia, tychpnea, pallor, pale conjunctiva
- What is the most likely cause of iron deficiency anemia in infants
- lack of iron in diet - formula or breast fed
- What is the most likely cause of iron deficiency anemia in teens and menstruating women
- diet, blood loss
- What is the most likely cause of iron deficiency anemia in adult men and postmenopausal women
- diet, bleeding - GI
- What is the difference between pernicious anemia and other causes of B12 deficiency?
- Pernicious anemia is lack of intrinsic factor. Other causes; inability to absorb; gastric bypass, obstructions, surgeries, crohns, etc.
- What re the neurological complications of vit. B12 deficiency anemia?
- neuropathy, parasthesia, dementia, pyschosis.
- Describe 1. history 2. cinical findings 3. labs 4. complications for: spherocytosis
- 1. hemolytic 2. increased destruction of cells 3. spherocytes 4. aplastic crises: autosomal dominant
- Describe 1. history 2. cinical findings 3. labs 4. complications for: sickle cell
- 1. painful, blacks, hispanics 2. hypoxia, 3. crescent shape RBC 4. surval past 20's rare. autosomal recessive
- Describe 1. history 2. cinical findings 3. labs 4. complications for: Thalessemia
- 1. mediterranean, asia 2. microcytic, iron supp doesn't help. 3. MCV is low, doesn't make Hgb correctly, missing a chain 4. ?