Chapter 18: Blood (continued)

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20-25% of co2 is transported by...: Carbaminohemoglobin
If co2 is not transported by carbaminohemoglobin, what does it do?: Dissolves in plasma as bicarbonate.
Bicarbonate converts co2 and h20 into what?: H and HCO3
The average lifespan of a RBC is...: 100 to 120 days
Old RBC's are broken down where?: Spleen and liver
RBC's are broken down by: Macrophages
Macrophages seperate...: heme from globin
Globin is broken down into: Amino acids to be released and reused
Iron is split from the heme to...: be bound to proteins, and stored for reuse.
Unbound iron is..: toxic
If heme doesn't become iron, it is broken into: bilirubin
The liver used bilirubin to..: Make bile and digest fats
Bilirubin is converted to what in the intestine?: urobiligen
In the intesting, Urobiligen is converted into..: Stercobilin
What is stercobilin?: Brown pigment of feces
Urobiligen is converted to what in blood?: Urobilin
What is urobilin?: Yellow pigment of urine
What can urobilin cause?: Jaundice
How many RBC's per cubic millimeter?: 4.3-5.8
How many RBC's total?: 25 trillion
Who has more RBC's, males or females?: Males
What is hematopoiesis: Blood cell production
What is erythropoeisis?: RBC production
Where does erythropoeisis occur?: Red bone warrow
What is a hemocytoblast?: Stem cell
What do erythroblasts do?: Produce ribosomes, starte hemoglobin production
Normoblast--: Most organelles and nuclues are ejected
Reiculocyte...: enters blood stream
Stimulus fro increased blood cell production is: Low o2 levels
Why does low 02 levels increase blood cell production?: Hemorrage, high altitude, increased physical activity
Hematopoesis stimulates the kidneys to release...: Erythropoeiten (EPO)
EPO stimulates the...: red marrow
Testosteron enhances or worsens EPO production?: Enhances
Viscous blood can lead to...: Clotting, storke, heart failure.
How many RBC's are produced per second?: 2 million

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Number of cards 35