Study of the Blood
Terms
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- Erythrocyte
- Red blood cells that are necessary for carrying oxygen to the body cells
- Reticulocytes
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells) that haven't reached maturity (grown to adulthood) that escape and get into the blood circulation
- Leukocyte
- White blood cells that have the job of protecting the body from infection by getting around bacteria and eating it (phagocytosis)
- Thrombocyte
- Blood platelets that are necessary for blood to clot (or stop flowing) to prevent bleeding to death
- Plasma
- The liquid portion of the blood that carries the blood cells
- Stem cell
- A special cell found in the bone marrow that all cells begin from.
- Erythropoietin
- The process of making red blood cells or erythrocytes. It is released into the body when more red blood cells are needed. During exercise, rise in temperature
- Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin is the red pigment that carries oxygen and is found in erythrocytes.
- Oxyhemoglobin
- Hemoglobin that is saturated (full and can hold no more) with oxygen
- Composition of blood
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Blood is 55% plasma and 45% blood cells.
Plasma is 92% water and 8% proteins, ions, sugars,amino acids and nitrogen waste - Four functions of blood
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Maintain amount of water in tissues
Maintain body temperature
Protect acid-base balance in body
Carry food, oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste in and out of cells - Difference between adult and fetal hemoglobin
- Fetal hemoglobin can be saturated with oxygen at a lower oxygen tension
- Anticoagulant
- Prevents blood from clotting and is used to prevent strokes and blood clots in the body
- Blood clots involve
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Vitamin K
Fibrin insoluble protein
Calcium ions
Enzyme ?? - Functions and types of white blood cells (Leukocytes)
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Phagocytes-engulf (eat) bacteria to protect body from infection
Granulocytes are phagocytes
Types of granulocytes-neutrphils (Phagocytes), eosinphils (antigen-antibody complexes), basophils (store histamine)
Agranulocytes are also white blood cells
(Lympocytes (synthesis of antibodies)
Monocytes-form macrophages for phagocytosis