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Diagnostic, symptomatic and related terms ch8 of med term

Terms

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aneurysm
localized abn dilation of vessel, usually artery
arrest
cond of being stoppend or bringing to a stop
cardiac arrest
loss of effective cardiac function, which results in cessation of circulation (due to ventricular fibrillation or asystole - no observable myocardial activity)
circulatory arrest
cessation of the circulation of bld due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation
arrythmia
inability of the heart to maintain a steady rhythm, possibly including a rapid or slow beat or skipping a beat
bruit
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation - possibly due to vibrations assoc with movement of bld, valvular action or both AKA murmur
cardiomyopathy
any disease of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac func
(caused by viral infections, metabolic disorders, or gen systmic disease)
catheter
thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure
coarctation
narrowing of a vessel, esp the aorta
heart failure
failure of the heart to supply an adequate amt of bld to tiss and organs (caused by impaired coronary bld flow, cardiomyopathies, and heart valve dis) replaced term CHF
embolus
mass of undissolved matter (foreign object, air, gas, tiss, thrombus) circulating in bld or lymph channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel
fibrillation
quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions esp of the heart causing ineffectual contractions
hemostasis
arrest of bleeding or circulation
hyperlipidemia
excessive amts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the bld
hypertension
elevated BP exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic
primary hypertension
no identifiable cause AKA essential hypertension
(obesity, high serum Na level, hypercholesterolemia, or family history)
secondary hypertension
underlying, identifiable , commonly correctable caus
hypertensive heart disease
any heart disorder caused by prolonged hypertension, including lft ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery dis, cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure
implantable cardioverter- defibrillator (ICD)
implantabe battery-powered device that monitors and corrects an irregular heart rhythm by sending impulses to the heart
infarct
area of tiss that undergoes necrosis following cessation of bld supply
ischemia
local and temporary defiency of bld supply due to circulatory obstruction
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
common and occasionally serious cond in which leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the lft atrium during systole causing a murmur heard on auscultation
sign/symp: palpitation of the heart, panic attacks with pounding heart beat.(prophylactic tx with antibiotics before invasive proc is neccessary b/c of valve infection)
radioisotope
chemical radioactive substance used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or structure
palpitation
sensation that the heart is not beating normally, thumping, fluttering, skipped beats, or pounding feeling in the chest
patent ductus arteriosus
failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing bld to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary (lung)artery
perfusion
circulation of bld through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ
tetralogy of Fallot
congenital anomaly consisting of 4 elements:pulmonary artery stenosis, interventricular septal defect, transposition of the aorta so that both ventricles empty into the aorta, rt ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the rt ventricle.
stent
slender or threadlike deviceused to hold open vessels, tubes, or an obstructed artery
Stokes-Adams syndrome
altered state of consciousness or fainting due to dec bld flow to brain caused by prolonged asystole (absence of muscular contraction of the heart)
thrombus
bld clot that obstructs a vessel

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