vocabuary pg.432,1257,1404,1468
Terms
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- Abdominal girth
- the measurement of the abdomen’s circumference, taken at the same place with each measurement
- Acetest
- a test that measures the presence of ketone (acetone bodies in the urine. A large quantity of acetone causes rapid change in the color of the Acetest tablet.
- Aerobic
- pertaining to the presence of air or oxygen.
- Aldrete score
- a scoring system used to determine a client’s baseline status
- Anaerobic
- pertaining to absence of air or oxygen
- Ascites
- effusion and accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity.
- Aseptic technique
- the methods used during client care to prevent microbial contamination
- Aspirate
- withdrawal of fluid or air into the barrel of a syringe or suction device
- Aspiration
- the entry of gastric contents into the tracheobronchial passages
- Autolet
- a small instrument with a lancet used to obtain capillary blood specimen
- Biopsy
- the removal and microscopic examination of tissue, performed to establish precise diagnosis
- Blood culture
- a laboratory test on serum to determine presence of infection in the blood
- Bone marrow
- specialized, soft tissue filling the spaces in cancellous bone of the epiphyses; responsible for red blood cell production
- Cannula
- a flexible tube containing a stiff, pointed trocar; the tube may be inserted into the body, guided by the trocar
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- – substance contained within the four ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid space, ant the central canal of the spinal cord
- Clean-voided specimen
- a technique used to collect a urine specimen as free from bacterial contamination as possible without catheterizing the client
- Clinitest
- a test that measures the amount of glucose and acetone in a urine specimen
- Coagulopathy
- a pathological condition affecting the ability of the blood to coagulate
- Culture
- laboratory test involving the cultivation of microorganisms or cells in a special growth medium
- Cytological
- pertaining to the study of cells, including their formation, origin, structure, function, biochemical activities, and pathology
- Dead space
- a cavity remaining in a wound
- Debridement
- removal of dead tissue in a wound
- Dehiscence
- the separation or opening of wound layers
- Dysuria
- pain or burning on urination, may also be accompanied with difficulty in urination
- Ecchymosis
- discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissues as a result of trauma to the underlying blood vessels or of fragility of the vessel walls
- Epidural blood patch
- procedure whereby a physician injects a small amount of autologous blood into the epidural space
- Epithelialization
- the process by which epidermal cells migrate over the wound’s surface to close the top or “resurface†the wound
- Erythema
- redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes, result of dilation and congestion of superficial capillaries
- Eschar
- scab or dry crust that results from excoriation of the skin
- Evisceration
- the separation of wound layers with the protrusion of abdominal organs through the wound layers
- Excoriated
- injury to the skin or other body part caused by scratching or abrasion
- Expectorate
- the act of coughing and spitting out mucus from the respiratory tract
- Exudates
- any fluid that has been extruded from a tissue or its capillaries, more specifically because of injury or inflammation
- Fiberoptic
- pertaining to fiberoptics; referring to the transmission of an image along flexible bundles of coated glass or plastic fibers having special optical properties
- Frequency
- symptom of urinary disorder involving repetitive voiding over a fixed time period
- Glomerular filtration rate
- a kidney function test that determines the amount of ultrafiltrate formed by plasma following through the glomeruli or the kidney
- Glucose monitoring
- a diagnostic test to determine the blood glucose level
- Granulation
- the presence of red, granular, moist tissue that appears during the healing of open wounds; type of tissue containing new blood vessels that bleed readily
- Guaiac test
- diagnostic test to detect blood in the stool
- Hematoma
- collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or in an organ; results from trauma or incomplete coagulation
- Hematuria
- abnormal presence of blood in the urine
- Hemolysis
- the destruction of red blood cells
- Hemostasis
- termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the coagulation process of the body
- Herniation
- the abnormal protrusion of an organ or other body structure through a defect or natural opening in a covering, membrane, muscle, or bone
- Hydrocolloid
- an adhesive, moldable wafer made of a carbohydrate-based material, usually with a waterproof backing
- Intestinal obstruction
- any obstruction that results in failure of the contents of the intestine to pass through the lumen of bowel
- Intraabdominal pressure
- amount of tension within the abdominal cavity
- Intracranial pressure
- pressure exerted by cerebrospinal fluid within the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord
- Intravenous conscious sedation
- the intravenous administration of pharmacological agents to provide a minimally depressed level of consciousness to provide comfort during diagnostic or treatment procedures
- Ischemia
- a decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body organ or part
- Ketones
- an organic chemical compound with two compounds attached to it
- Lavage
- the irrigation or washing out of an organ or cavity
- Lumens
- the hollow channel within a tube
- Macerated
- to soften, usually by soaking in water
- Maceration
- skin that becomes abnormally soft and breaks down because of prolonged exposure to moisture
- Manometer
- an instrument for measuring pressure or tension of liquids or gases
- Meatus
- any opening or tunnel through any part pf the body ( eg: the point at which the urethra opens to the skin
- Medullary
- of or pertaining to the medulla of the brain
- Megakaryocyte
- precursor of platelets found in blood marrow
- Melena
- darkening of the feces by blood pigments
- Midstream
- procedure in which the client initiates a stream, and then withdraws the cup before the stream of urine stops
- Minimal sedation
- lightest level of sedation; includes local and topical anesthetics and peripheral nerve blocks
- Moderate sedation
- a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which clients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation
- Modified ramsay sedation scale
- a numeric rating scale used to evaluate client’s level of sedation
- Necrosis
- localized tissue death
- Neovascularization
- the process by which the vascular network in a wound is generated A.K.A. angiogenesis
- Occlusive dressing
- a dressing that prevents air from reaching a wound or lesion and retains moisture, heat, body fluids, and medication
- Occult blood
- blood that appears from a nonspecific source, with obscure signs and symptoms
- Percutaneous coronary intervention
- procedures such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or directional coronary atherectomy performed during cardiac catheterization
- Peritoneal fluid
- substance in the abdominal cavity for lubrication of peritoneal membrane and internal organs
- Ph
- reflection of the hydrogen ion concentration of a liquid
- Platelet
- formed particle found in blood that relates directly to the ability of the blood to clot
- Portal hypertension
- an increased venous pressure in the portal circulation caused by compression or by occlusion at the portal or hepatic vascular system
- Positive patient identification
- a term that means the client is positively identified, usually via at least two identifiers, before the delivery of care
- Precordial
- of or pertaining to the precordium, which forms the region over the heart and the lower part of the thorax
- Pressure dressing
- a temporary treatment for the control of excessive bleeding; pressure dressings require elastic bandages to maintain the pressure and may also require the application of sandbags adjacent to the dressing to augment pressure
- Pressure ulcer
- a lesion that develops in the skin as a result of prolonged, unrelieved pressure
- Radiopaque
- not permitting the passage of x-rays or other radiant energy
- Reactive hyperemia
- – the return of blood to an area of tissue upon the release of externally applied pressure
- Reagent
- chemical used to indicate the presence of a particular substance
- Renal
- pertaining to the kidney
- Risk assessment tool
- evaluation protocols for assessing the likelihood for the development of pressure ulcers; two such protocols are the Braden scale and the Norton scale, which assess the following five risk factors; physical condition, mental state, activity, mobility, and incontinence
- Secondary dressing
- a dressing used to cover or hold primary dressings in place
- Sensitivity
- laboratory test used in conjunction with culture; it measures the response of microorganisms to antibiotics that have been placed on a culture plate
- Shear
- any tension that stretches the skin during turning or moving in bed
- Slough
- necrotic tissue in the process of separating from viable portions of the body
- Stopcock
- a valve that controls the flow of fluid or air through a tube
- Subarachnoid space
- situated or occurring between the arachnoid and the pia mater membranes, which cover the brain and spinal cord
- Thrombocytopenia
- a decrease in circulation platelets
- Timed urine collection
- the collection of urine for a specific period of time
- Topical agents
- pertaining to a drug or treatment applied to the surface part of the body
- Tourniquet
- an item used for the compression of blood vessels
- Tracheobronchial tree
- anatomical divisions of the respiratory tract, including the combination of trachea, bifurcations into the right and left mainstem bronchi, and subsequent bifurcations into smaller bronchi and bronchioles
- Trocar
- a sharp, pointed rod that fits inside a tube; used to pierce the skin and the wall of a cavity or canal in the body to aspirate fluids, to instill a medication or solution, or to guide the placement of a soft catheter
- Undermining
- condition of a wound in which the loss of underlying tissues is greater than the loss of the skin
- Urgency
- the need to void immediately
- Vacutainer tube
- a glass tube with a rubber stopper; air has been removed to create a vacuum
- Venipuncture
- technique in which a vein is punctured transcutaneously by a sharp rigid stylet (such as a butterfly needle), a cannula (such as an angiocatheter that contains a flexible plastic catheter), or a needle attached to a syringe
- Void
- the process of emptying the bladder of urine; urinate; micturate
- Wound vacuum assisted closure
- a type of therapy that speeds wound healing by applying localized negative pressure to draw the edges of a wound together