CH10-Blood
Terms
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- _______ is a complex connective tissue made from formed elements that are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called plasma.
- Blood
- ___________ Are red blood cells that are responsible for oxygen transport.
- Erythrocytes
- After blood is ran through a centrifuge it seperates into three layers ______, __________, and _________
- Plamsa, Buffy Layer (luekocytes or white blood cells), and Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)
- Red Blood cells account for _%. White Blood Cells account for _%. Plasma accounts for _%.
- 45, 1, 55
- Blood accounts for _% of body weight and it volume in males varies between liters.
- 8. 5-6
- Plasma contains __% of water
- 90
- Plasma substances include, ______, ________, _______, _________, _________, ________, __________
- Water, Salts, Plasma proteins, nutrients, waste products of metabolism, respiratory gases, hormones.
- _______ is the most abundant sulutes in plasma and are made by the liver.
- Plasma Proteins
- Plasma Proteins consist of ________.
- albumin, fibrinogen, globulins
- _________ (A plasma protein) is responsible for the osmotic pressure of blood which acts to keep water in the blood stream.
- Albumin
- ________ (Plasma Protein) is a clotting proteins that helps stem blood loss when a blood vessel is injured.
- fibrinogen
- _________ (Plasma Protein) is an antibodie that help prtoect the body from pathogens.
- globulins
- Typical Ph range in blood is
- 7.35 and 7.45
- a cell that lacks a nucleus
- Anucleate
- Mature Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) can be decribed as a sac of ______. Which _______ is a iron bearing protein, that transports the bulk of oxygen in the blood
- hemoglobins
- (T/F) Erythrocytes are anucleate, don't have a mitochondria and create ATP through a anaerobic process.
- True
- Erthrocytes make up _ million per cubic MM^3
- 5 million
- Erythrocytes live approximately ____days
- 120
- One Erythrocyte cell contains ___ million hemoglobin cells. Each hemoglobin molecule can bind ___ number of oxygen molecules.
- 250 million. and 4 oxygen molecules).
- (T/F) White blood cells (Luekocytes) are the only complete blood cells which contain a nuclei and usual organelles.
- True
- White blood cells (luekocytes) are able to slip into and out of blood cells in a process call ______. Which
- Diapedesis
- __________ are responsible for defending the body from bacteria, tumor cells, parasites, and viruses.
- White Blood cells (leukocytes)
- The ability for WBC to sniff certain chemicals that are realesed from damaged or infected tissue is called ______.
- Positive Chemotaxis
- A process where WBC moves through tissues by forming a cytoplasmic extension to help locomode to a location.
- Ameboid motion
- When the white blood cell count is high (11,000 cells/mm^3)
- Luekocytosis
- When the white blood cell count is low. Typically caused by drugs such as cancer traetments.
- Luekopenia
- White cells are classified into two distinct catagories which differ by whether they have visible granules in their cytoplasm. These groups are:
- Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
- These are the three granulocytes (contain granules): _______, ________, __________
- Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils
- This granuloctye has a multilobed nucleus and very fine granules. They are avid phagocytes at sites of accute infection
- Neutrophils
- This granulocyte increase rapidly during allergenic and infections from parasitic worms.
- Eosinophils
- The rarest of the granulocytes that contain histamine containing granules.
- Basophils
- An inflamatory chemical that makes bllod vessels leaky and attracts other WBCs to the inflammatory site.
- Histamine
- This agranulocyte has a nucleus that occupies most of the cell volume. They typically reside in the lymphatic tissue and play a role in immune response.
- Lymphocytes
- This agranulocytes are the largets of the WBCs that resemble lymphocytes. When they migrate into tissues they change into macrophages with huge appetites.
- Monocytes
- __________ are very important in fightingchronic infections such as tuberculosis
- Macrophages
- This component of the blood is not a cell, but are fragments of a multinucleate cell called megakaryocytes. They play an essential role in clotting
- Platelets
- Blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow.
- Hematopoises
- The formed blood elements arise from a common type of stem cell, called_________.
- Hemocytoblast
- Hemocytoblast form two types of descendants:
- Lymphoid stem cell and Myeliod stem cells
- Lymphiod stem cells create
- lymphocytes
- Myeloid stem cells create
- all conpoents of blood cells besides lymphocytes.
- After the developing RBCs create enough hemoglobin their nucleus is ejected and they become a young RBC called. These young RBC still have some ER left for 2 days.
- Reticulocyte
- Total amount of days to create RBC's from hemoblast to mature RBC.
- 4-5 days.
- The rate of production of erythrocytes is controlled by a hormone called
- erthropoietin
- Accelerates the production of platelets
- Thrombopoietin
- When a blood vessel wall breaks a series of reactions is set in motion to accomplish a stoppage of blood flow called
- hemostasis
- Hemostasis involves three major phases wich occur in rapid sequence
- Platelet plug formation, vascular spasms, and coagulation (blood clotting)
- They are usually repelled by the endothelium but when the blood vessel wall is ruptured the exposed callogen fibers become stuck to them because they become sticky. They pile up to begin to create a white thrombus
- Platelets. Platelet plug formation
- A process in hemostasis where the anchored platelets release serotonin to create a spasms that constricts the blood vessel decreasing blood flow.
- Vascular Spasm
- This disorder results from an insufficent number of circulating platelets
- Thrombocytoplenia
- This bleeding disorder is created by a lack of clotting factors in the blood
- Hemophilia
- A substance that the body recognizes as foriegn. It stimulates the immune system to release antibodies or other ways to prtoect the body.
- Antigen