biology vocab - chapter 8
Terms
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- heredity
- transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring
- genetics
- study of heredity
- monohybrid cross
- cross involving one pair of contrasting traits
- true-breeding
- displaying only one form of a particular chromosome
- p generation
- 1st two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
- f1 generation
- the first offspring from a corss of two varieties in the p generation
- f2 generation
- the offspring form crosses among individuals of the f1 generation
- allele
- an alternative form of a gene
- dominant
- genetic trait that is expressed when its allele is homozygous or heterozygous
- recessive
- genetic trait that is expressed when the contarsting form of the trait is not present
- homozygous
- refers to an individual with two identical allels for a trait
- heterozygous
- refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait
- genotype
- the genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of allels
- phenotype
- observable charachteristics in an organism
- law of segregtion
- first law of heredity staing that pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes form
- law of independent assortment
- second law of heredity stating htat pairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
- punnett square
- diagram used by biologists to predict the probable offspirng of a genetic cross
- test cross
- a genetic cross of an individual whose phenotype is dominant but whose genotype is unknown; with a homozygous recessive individual
- probabilty
- liklihood that a specific event would occur
- pedigree
- family history that shows how a trait is inherited after several generations
- sex linked trait
- a tarit that is determined by a gene found on the x chromosome
- polygenic trait
- characteristic of an organism that is influenced by several genes
- incomplete dominance
- condition in ehich a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenoytpe of its two parents
- codominance
- condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present
- multiple alleles
- the existence of more than two alleles for a gentic trait