Histology 1: cellular organelles
Terms
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- Nucleus
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-Double Membrane-bound large structure containing chromatin
-chromosomes (DNA) contain the genetic blueprint for every protein in the body - Nuclear envelope/membrane
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-double lipid bilater with nuclear pore complexes
-seperates and mediates transport between nucleus and cytoplasm - Nucleolus
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-Dense non-membrane-bound structure in the nucleus
-ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly - Ribosomes
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-small structures free in cytoplasm or ound to endoplasmic retiulum. consist of two subunits of ribosomal RNA
-protein synthesis, formation of peptid bonds between amino acids to make polypeptide chains using messenger RNA as template - endoplasmic reticulum
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-extensive membrane system within the cell; may be rough with associated ribosomes or smooth
-modification an dfolding of proteins synthesized on ribosomes (rER), or synthesis of some lipids (sER) - golgi apparatus/stack
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-stacks of flattened membrane-bound cisternae
-final assembly an dglycosylation of proteins and dispatch to thier ultimate destination - mitochondria
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-double membrane-bound organelles with folded inner membrane
-energy production mainly in the form of ATP - plasma membrane
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-lipid bilayer containing intrinsic proteins an dwith an external coat of carbohydrate
-divides cell from external environment and mediates interactions with external environment - cytoskeleton
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-microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
-maintain cell shape and orientation, cell movement, movement of orhanelles around the cell, movement of chromosomes during cell division - transport-secretory vesicles
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-membrane-bound vesicles often with a protein coat (eg- COP I, clathrin)
-Transport materials between different cell compartments and to plasma membrane for export - phagosomes/endosomes
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membrane-bound vesicles containing material imported into cell
-phagocytosis/endocytosis and transport of cargo to intracellulat destinations (eg-lysosomes) - lysosomes
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-membrane-bound vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes
-killing of pathogenic organisms (in phagocytic cells) and degradation of waste products - peroxisomes
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-membrane-bound vesicles containing oxidases and catalase
-production of hydrogen peroxide for killing pathogens, detoxificatoin of certain toxic materials - lipid droplets
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non-membrane-bound spherical aggregates of lipid of variable size
-energy storage - glycogen granules
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-non-membrane-bound granules and aggregates of granules (rosettes)
-energy storage - lipofuxcin
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-brown pigment in cytoplasm
-waste product - melanin
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-brown pigment in cytoplasm
-skin pigment