APES Ch. 8
Study Sheet #8
Terms
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- richness
- _______ refers to the number of different species.
- primary
- A rock exposed by a retreating glacier exhibits ______ succession.
- exploitation competition
- New puppy is added to a home with an older dog. The older dog gobbles up its food and the puppy's food. This behavior is __________.
- interference competition
- New kitten is added to home with older cat. Older cat hisses and swats at the younger cat in the kitchen where they are fed. This behavior is __________.
- A shark is most likely to be killed for sport, out of fear, for food, and for their jaws.
- A shark is most likely to be killed for sport, out of fear, for food, and for their jaws.
- specialist
- A giant panda is a _______ species.
- fire-maintained
- Giant sequoia forests, temperate grasslands, and chaparral are ______ communities.
- catastrophic
- Plowing is a ______ change.
- frequent moderate disturbances
- According to the intermediate disturbance hypotheses this condition is likely to result in communities with the greatest diversity .
- gradual
- Climate change is a ______ change.
- parasitism
- A relationship in which one species gets its nourishment by living on, in, or near a member of another species over an extended time is ______.
- nonnative
- Wild African bees (not in Africa) are ______ species.
- Parasites can act to hold interacting species of an ecosystem together.
- Parasites can act to hold interacting species of an ecosystem together.
- commensalism
- A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed to any significant degree is ______.
- indicator
- Species that serve as early warnings of environmental damage are called ______ species.
- stability
- The ability of a population to maintain a certain size is ______.
- 150 million
- Amphibians have been living on earth for about ______ years.
- camouflage, acute sense of sight and smell, protective shells, and warning/ambush.
- List four ways prey defend themselves.
- indicator
- Birds and trout make good ______ species.
- parasites
- _____ can moderate population fluctuations of a species.
- It takes several centuries to several thousands of years to produce fertile soil naturally.
- It takes several centuries to several thousands of years to produce fertile soil naturally.
- Terrestrial ecosystems are a dynamic patchwork of vegetation providing great biodiversity and sites for early successional species to gain a foothold
- Terrestrial ecosystems are a dynamic patchwork of vegetation providing great biodiversity and sites for early successional species to gain a foothold.
- keystone
- Species whose roles in an ecosystem are much more important than their abundance would suggest are called ______ species.
- natural disturbances
- Droughts, floods, fires and frosts are ______.
- they congregate and are easy targets, they are hunted and deforestation
- Why are flying foxes listed as endangered species? (3 reasons)
- high, low
- Based on the theory of Island biogeography, you would predict that large islands near the mainland would have relatively _____ immigration and _____ extinction rates.
- resilience
- ______ is the ability of an organism to return to its former condition after a period of stress.
- less, more
- Compared to forests, grasslands have ______ diversity and ______ resilience.
- nondestructive
- Forms of ______ behavior between organisms include sharing resources by hunting and different times and looking for food in different places, mutualism and commensalism.
- mutualism
- A relationship in which both species benefit is ______.
- natural and catastrophic
- Changes such as drought and earthquake are ______.
- specialist
- _______ species are more likely to become extinct.
- tolerance
- A maple seedling growing successfully in a birch stand and all species thrive is ______.
- commensalism
- What is the relationship between redwood trees and redwood sorrel.
- immature
- In ______ ecosystems, the food webs are simple.
- late
- An ecosystem with turkeys and gray squirrels is in ______ succession.
- Consequences of fire suppression: buildup of large quantities of highly flammable undergrowth; development of an entirely different ecosystem, and fires that do occur may be more severe.
- Consequences of fire suppression: buildup of large quantities of highly flammable undergrowth; development of an entirely different ecosystem, and fires that do occur may be more severe.
- The giant panda is an endangered species because; are separated into small, isolated populations, low birth rate, and low litter size.
- The giant panda is an endangered species because; are separated into small, isolated populations, low birth rate, and low litter size.
- mature
- In ______ ecosystems the efficiency of energy use is high.
- Amphibians are particularly sensitive to pollution; live part of life in water, soft permeable skin, sensitivity to UV rays
- Amphibians are particularly sensitive to pollution; live part of life in water, soft permeable skin, sensitivity to UV rays.
- human caused and gradual
- Changes such as depletion of underground aquifers and waterlogging of irrigated soils are ______.
- being active at different times
- Hawks and owls are predators that avoid competition by ___________.
- biodiversity
- Parasites can promote ____________.
- kill
- Parasites rarely ____ their hosts.
- cockroaches
- _______ exhibit all of the following qualities; can live almost anywhere, quick response time, develop genetic resistance to poisons.
- soil formation
- Physical weathering, lichens, mosses, and secretion of acids encourage ______ in primary succession.
- early
- An ecosystem with rabbit, quail, and pheasant is in ______ succession.
- Amphibians are experiencing sharp population declines in a variety of habitats.
- Amphibians are experiencing sharp population declines in a variety of habitats.
- secondary
- A heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up would undergo ______ succession
- keystone
- Sea otters, dung beetles, and gopher tortoises are generally considered to be ______ species.
- mutualism
- The following illustrate the relationship of _________; lichens, ants and acacias, rhizobium bacteria in root nodules of legumes, and following plants and insects.
- mature
- An ecosystem with grizzle bears and caribou is in the ______ stage of succession.
- ectoparasites
- Fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, mistle toe, and athlete's foot fungus are _____________.
- more, less
- Compared to grasslands, forests have ______ diversity and ______ resilience.
- changing conditions and releasing resources
- What are two immediate effects of natural disturbances?
- keystone
- Amphibians are considered ______ species.
- indicator
- Amphibians are important ______ species
- Flying foxes contribute to the economy for the role they play in the production of tannins, dyes, animal fodder, fruits and medicines.
- Flying foxes contribute to the economy for the role they play in the production of tannins, dyes, animal fodder, fruits and medicines.
- low-latitude
- _______ forests have the world's most biodiversity.
- nonnative
- Species that migrate or are accidentally introduced into an ecosystem are called ______ species.
- Stability includes inertia, persistence, constancy and resilience
- Stability includes inertia, persistence, constancy, and resilience.