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Honors Biology Test 1

Terms

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process in which cells release energy from food molecules
cellular respiration
an organism in which the majority of cells have a membrane-bound nucleus which encloses DNA
eukaryote
the passing of information/traits from parent to offspring
heredity
organism which must take in food by eating other organisms
heterotroph
condition in which a living thing is in a state of balance
homeostasis
having many cells
multicellular
process which uses light energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into food molecules
photosynthesis
unicellular organism which lacks a membrane-bound nucleus
prokaryote
process in which building blocks called amino acids are put together using instructions from DNA
protein synthesis
responses by the cells of an organism which maintain homeostasis
regulation
condition in which cells have specific features which enable them to carry out a specific task for the organism
specialization
producing complex substances from simple building blocks
synthesis
movement of material within and between cells
transport
having one cell which completes all life processes
unicellular
part one of the cell theory
cells make up all living things
part two of the cell theory
cells area the basis of all living things structure and function
part three of the cell theory
new cells are formed by existing cells
the relationship in which two species live closely together
symbiosis
the theory that many prokaryotic organisms had a symbiotic relationship that led to the development of the first eukaryotes
endosymbiosis
feature which enables an organism to become better suited to its environment
adaptation
characteristics of different living things that serve a common function, but may have great variation in form
analogous structures
process in which two organisms evolve traits or behaivorsin reponse to change in each other over time
coevolution
process in which unrelated organisms evolve similar features for similar ways of life
convergence
process in which one species gives rise to many, organisms evolve a variety of traits to occupy different niches
divergence
early stage of development after a fertilized egg divides
embryo
a continuous process in which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms; a change in species over time
evolution
combination of physical traits and behaivors that help organisms survive and reproduce
fitness
collection of preserved remains of once living things that provide a history of life on Earth
fossil record
parts of different organisms with similar patterns of development, although they have a common apperance they may differ in function
homologous features
mammal which gives birth to very immature babies which continue their development in a pouch on the mother's body
marsupial
process in which organisms with traits best suited for their environment survive and pass on favorale traits to their offspring
natural selection
the place in which an organism lives and carries out a specific role in the community
niche
mammals in which a placenta is formed and supports a longer period of development
placental mammal
separation of populations due to barries that results in failure of members of the smae species to interbreed-forming two separate species over time
reproductive isolation
gradual changes that result in the formation of two distinct species from one
speciation
group of living things with similar characteristics that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
species
parts of an organism that seem to serve no purpose, these structures provide evidence of a shared ancestry with organisms in which the part is useful
vestigial structures
organelle which breaks fown food to release energy
mitochondria
organelle which transports proteins
endoplasmic reticulum
organelle which produces proteins
ribosomes
organelle which breaks down materials
lysosome
minimum requirements for a cell
cytoplasm chromosomes DNA ribosomes

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