Homework 2
Terms
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- perspective
- Point of view based on a person’s experience and personal understanding
- spatial perspective
- Point of view based on looking at where something is and why it is there
- geography
- The study of Earth’s physical and cultural features
- urban
- An area that contains a city
- rural
- An area of open land that is often used for farming
- absolute location
- The exact spot on Earth where something is found, often stated in latitude and longitude
- relative location
- The position of a place in relation to another place
- place
- Physical and human features of a specific location
- region
- Area of Earth’s surface with one or more shared characteristics
- movement
- People and ideas moving from place to place
- diffusion
- The movement of ideas or behaviors from one cultural region to another
- human-environment interaction
- Relationship between people and the environment
- human geography
- The study of people, past or present
- physical geography
- The study of Earth’s natural landscape and physical systems, including the atmosphere
- cartography
- The art and science of mapmaking
- meteorology
- The field of forecasting and reporting rainfall, temperatures, and other atmospheric conditions
- climatology
- The field of tracking Earth’s larger atmospheric systems
- landforms
- The shapes on Earth’s surface
- topography
- Shape, height, and arrangement of land-forms in a certain place
- plate tectonics
- The theory that Earth’s surface is divided into several major, slowly moving plates or pieces
- subduction
- The movement of one of Earth’s heavier tectonic plates underneath a lighter tectonic plate
- earthquakes
- Sudden, violent movement along a fracture within Earth’s crust
- Sudden, violent movement along a fracture within Earth’s crust
- Magma that has broken through the crust to Earth’s surface
- fault
- A fractured surface in Earth’s crust where a mass of rock is in motion
- weathering
- The process of breaking rocks into smaller pieces through heat, water, or other means
- erosion
- The movement by water, ice, or wind of rocky materials to another location
- plain
- A nearly flat area on Earth’s surface
- alluvial fan
- A fan-shaped landform created by deposits of sediment at the base of a mountain
- A fan-shaped landform created by deposits of sediment at the base of a mountain
- A landform of level ground built by sediment deposited by a river or stream
- deltas
- Landforms created by the deposits of sediment at the mouths of rivers
- glaciers
- Large, slow-moving sheets or rivers of ice
- terraces
- Horizontal ridges built into the slopes of steep hillsides to prevent soil loss and aid farming,
- tributary
- Any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river
- groundwater
- The water from rainfall, rivers, lakes, and melting snow that seeps into the ground
- aquifers
- Underground, water-bearing layers of rock, sand, or gravel
- water cycle
- The circulation of water from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back
- evaporation
- The process by which heated water becomes water vapor and rises into the air
- water vapor
- The gaseous form of water
- condensation
- The process by which water changes from a gas into tiny liquid droplets
- The process by which water changes from a gas into tiny liquid droplets
- The process by which water falls back to Earth
- acid rain
- A type of polluted rain, produced when pollution combines with water vapor
- ozone layer
- A form of oxygen in the atmosphere that helps protect Earth from harmful solar radiation
- global warming
- A slow increase in Earth’s average temperature
- greenhouse effect
- The process by which Earth’s atmosphere traps heat
- weather
- The condition of the atmosphere at a given place and time
- climate
- The weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
- prevailing winds
- Breezes that consistently blow in the same direction over large areas of Earth
- currents
- Giant streams of ocean water that move from warm to cold or from cold to warm areas
- rain shadow
- The dry area on the leeward side of a mountain or mountain range
- renewable resources
- Resources, such as soils and forests, that can be replaced by Earth’s natural processes
- nonrenewable resources
- Resources, such as coal and oil, that cannot be replaced by Earth’s natural processes
- deforestation
- The destruction or loss of forest area
- reforestation
- The planting of trees in places where forests have been cut down
- fossil fuels
- Nonrenewable resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals
- petroleum
- An oily liquid that can be refined into gasoline and other fuels and oils
- hydroelectric power
- A renewable energy resource produced from dams that harness the energy of falling water to power generators
- geothermal energy
- A renewable energy resource produced from the heat of Earth’s interior
- solar power
- Heat and light from the sun
- culture
- A learned system of shared beliefs and ways of doing things that guide a person’s daily behavior,
- culture region
- Area of the world in which people share certain culture traits,
- culture traits
- Elements of culture such as dress, food, or religious beliefs
- ethnic groups
- Cultural groups of people who share learned beliefs and practices
- multicultural
- A mixture of different cultures within the same country or community
- race
- A group of people who share inherited physical or biological traits
- acculturation
- The process of cultural changes that result from long-term contact with another society
- symbol
- A word, shape, color, flag, or other sign that stands for something else
- ethnocentrism
- Seeing differences in another culture as inferior
- domestication
- The growing of a plant or taming of an animal by a people for their own use
- subsistence agriculture
- A type of farming in which farmers grow just enough food to provide for themselves and their own families
- commercial agriculture
- A type of farming in which farmers produce food for sale
- civilization
- A highly complex culture with growing cities and economic activity
- gross national product
- The value of all goods and services that a country produces in one year within or outside the country
- gross domestic product
- The value of all goods and services produced within a country
- industrialized countries
- Countries that rely more on industry than agriculture
- literacy rate
- Percent of people who can read and write