Ch. 1 sociology
Terms
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- social research
- refers to research conducted by social scientists (primarily within sociology and social psychology), but also within other disciplines such as social policy, human geography, political science, social anthropology and education. Sociologists and other social scientists study diverse things: from census data on hundreds of thousands of human beings, through the in-depth analysis of the life of a single important person to monitoring what is happening on a street today - or what was happening a few hundred years ago
- Hypothesis 25
- an educated guess about how variables are linked, usually as an if-then statement. if one thig were to happen, then something else will result.
- using existing data
- sociologst make use of existing sources, data collected by others to, which saves time and money
- there are four resarch methods used by social scientists. Waht are they?
- experiments, survey, participant observario, existin sources
- reliability
- consistency in measurement
- Auguse Comte identifies three staes of social develpoment. what are they? in what way do these three stages are different
- theological stage, metaphysical stage, scientific stage
- me- what are the three theological paradigm?
- manifest funtion, latent function, and dysfuntion< (this is the only one not made by merton)
- manifest function
- the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern,
- correlation
- a relationship in which two variables change together.
- Structural-functionalism 14-15,18
- a framewrok for builign thory tha sees society as a complex system whose parts work togethr to promote solidarity adn stability. Ex. family system, politcal system, education
- symbolic interactionism 17-18
- the framework for buling theory that sees society as teh product of the every day interaction of individulas
- cause
- a relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another.
- me- what is theological stage
- from the beginning of an history up to the end of teh European Middle Ages
- me - what is dysfuntion
- any social patern tha may disrupt the operation of societyhow many theortical paradigms in sociology are identified in the textbook Society: The Basics?eople often disagree on what is helpful and what is harmful for society as a whole
- validity
- actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure
- what are the three necessary coditions for determining whether a relatioship between tow variables is causal?
- corretaion, time order, non-spuriousness
- concept 19
- a mental consturch that represent some part of the world in a simplified form. sociolgis categorize people in terms of thier gender or social class
- what are the basic comoponents of the social- conflict paradigm?
- class, race,ethinicity, gender, age
- structure 14-15,18
- any reltivley stable pattern of socila behavior. it gives our lives shpe in families, the workplace, or the college classroom
- participant observation
- research go into the nature enviroment and becoming a participant of the observation; they don't send someone else. lo comprueban por ellos mismos.
- me-metaphysical stage---------
- philosophers
- research methods
- a systematic plan for doing research.
- me- theological stage----
- theologians
- which French sociologist is regarded as one of the founder of socoiology?
- Auguste Comete
- what is sociology?
- it is a systematic study of human society
- social conflict perspective
- framwrok for builing theory that ses society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change. it aporaches highlights how fators such as class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age are linked to inequlaity in terms of money, power, education, and social prestige
- what are the basic components of the structural- functional paradigm?
- structure and funtion
- Theory
- is a statment of how and why specific facts are related.
- experimentation
- is a research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions.
- measurement
- a prcedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case.
- me- scientific stage----------
- scientists
- reliabilty and validity
- consistency in measurement- actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure.
- function
- the consquence of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole. ex. handshake, keep society going
- me- what is scientific stage
- work of early scientists such as the Polish astronmer and physicist Galieo Galilei, and the English physicist and mathematicain Isaac Newtoan.
- how many theortical paradigms in sociology are identified in the textbook Society: The Basics?
- three
- an example of realibility
- getting in a scale and weighing 100, then getting on right back and weighing 50...etc.
- participant observation 28,30-31
- a research method i which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine
- an example of validity
- getting in a scale and it says the user weighs 175 and get again and the scale stills says 175 yet, the user really weighs 185. it needs to be adjusted
- Paradigm
- major sets of theories
- me- what is metaphysical stage
- people saw society as a nautral rather than supernature phenomneon
- variable
- a concept whose value changes from case to case.
- laten function
- the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern. for example, the obvious funtion of this countr's system of higher education is to give young people the information and skills they will need to perform jobs after graduation