Forensics Final 13
Terms
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- amelogenin gene
- gene for determining sex, found in tooth enamel
- buccal cells
- cheek cells (commonly used for DNA swabs)
- chromosome
- threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes. Humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes
- complementary base pairing
- Adenine:Thymine Guanine:Cytosine
- DNA
- double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases
- electrophoresis
- separates base pairs for identifying DNA. similar to thin layer chromatography
- human genome
- stored on 23 chromosome pairs. 22 of these are autosomal chromosome pairs, while the remaining pair is sex-determining
- hybridization
- the process of combining complementary, single-stranded nucleic acids into a single molecule
- low copy number
- DNA identification technique possible using only a very small trace amount of material, such as sweat from a fingerprint or a small amount of saliva
- mitochondrial DNA
- located in mitochondria; remains constant in blood line
- polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- copies DNA strands for use in testing
- primer
- starting point for DNA replication
- restriction enzymes
- used to split DNA base pairs; used for identification etc...
- restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)
- sequence that makes different DNA distinguishable: important tool in genome mapping, localization of genetic disease genes, determination of risk for a disease, genetic fingerprinting, and paternity testing
- sequencing?
- Adenine:Thymine Guanine:Cytosine
- short tandem repeat (STR)
- sequences of repreated base pairs used in identification
- tandem repeat
- pattern of two or more nucleotides is repeated and the repetitions are directly adjacent to each other
- Y-STRs
- STRs located on the Y chromosome (which is male specific and always paired with the X chromosome)