Phil 202 FINAL (Gates)
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Russell's two types of knowledge:
- by acquaintance and by description
- Two types of universals
- qualities and relations
- three types of relations
- spacial, temporal, and causation
- 3 meanings of is:
- existential relation: "there is a table", identity: "this is a table", predication: "the table is brown"
- Husserl's types of intentionality
- perceptual, pictorial, and signitive
- empty intentionality
- thinking about/imagining something
- full intentionality
- experiencing something
- categorial intuition
- saturated with syntax; has context (ie: facts, jokes, idioms, etc.)
- registering v. reporting
- registering=seeing it firsthand; reporting=2nd hand information
- identity
- can make both empty and full intuitions; can both register and report it
- five types of speech acts
- expressive: feeling, assertive: true/false statement, declarative: "let there be light" (comes from an authority position, commissive: promises, vows (marriage, honor code...), directive: desire to make a change--can't be true or false; "Would you pass the salt?"
- Why not AI?
- Chinese room argument; computer lacks semantics
- Dasein
- notion of being; conceptual existence on the whole. We can each have our own little piece of dasein
- ready-at-hand
- use of object without thinking about it
- present-at-hand
- object breaks down, or otherwise requires focus
- World
- a role (e.g. doctor, student, warrior)
- Worldhood
-
structure of a world: (example: for a warrior)
With which: tools required (helmet, sword)
in which: activities (battlefield)
towards which: objective (conquest)
for the sake of which: (freedom). With this last is the possibility of making the dasein more complete - Being-being distinction
- Being=dasein; being=individual
- Why meaningfulness can't be displayed through present-at-hand
- meaning is also defined through interaction, which necessarily requires the ready-at-hand; however, reflection of the object replaces the ready-at-hand with the present-at-hand
- face to face relation
- the origin of ethics; the face is the uncontained being of an other, always present, but intangible
- infinity
- uncontainable relation with a face, an absolute distance that also requires proximity
- autonomy (Levinas)
- law comes from inside and assumes the absence of infinity
- heteronomy (Levinas)
- law comes from others; face-to-face relation demands respect
- Formula for Humanity as and End
- Always treat humanity as an end and never nearly as a means
- Formula for Universal Law
- act as if your actions were to become universal law
- Kant's objective in the Epistomology
- prove synthetic and a priori truths
- slave morality
- doctrine of guilt, made by the weak to enslave the strong
- free will
- made by Priests to create imaginary rules which control us through guilt
- Four spheres of existence:
- Aesthetic (Homer Simpson), Ethical (Choice of Attitude), Religion: A) Complete Dependence on God (blind faith), B) faith (apply all scriptures unto us for profit and learning)
- Criticisms for Utilitarianism (you only need to know four)
-
1) does not consider motive
2) presupposes everyone deserves equal good
3) discounts value of family and other relationships
4) too demanding--how many consequences must one consider?
5) encourages lying and stealing
6) no act is intrinsically bad (like murder) if there are enough utils (example of five sick people killing one innocent so that all of them can take his organs and therefore live--see killing and letting die)