APUS Chapters 18 and 19
Terms
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- New York Charity Organization
- Josephine Lowell, sent visitors to tenements, moral deficiencies lay at root of poverty
- Interstate Commerce Act
- 1887, created Interstate Commerce Commission, regulate interstate trade and railroad rates
- Hepburn Act
- 1906, strengthened ICC by allowing it to set rates
- Sherman AntiTrust Act
- 1890, outlawed trusts, prohibited all consolidates and contracts that restrained interstate trade, failed to define "trust" and "restraint of trade" clearly
- Supreme Court vs EC Knight Company
- 1895, regarding sugar Knight company, defined manufacturing as a local concern (intrastate) while commerce was interstate.
- National Labor Union
- Founded by William Slyvis, lower 8-hour workday, end convict labor, restrict immigration, welcomed iron workers, ended when Slyvis died
- Knights of Labor
- Founded by Powderly, welcomed all wage earners, equal wages for women, idealistic, disapproved of strikes, lost power from Haymarket Riot and breaking off of craft unions into AFL
- American Federation of Labor
- Founded by Gompers, welcomed all skilled workers, more realistic, short-term goals of higher wages and lower work hours.
- Railroad Strike
- 1877, caused by 1873 stock market crash, wage cuts led to strikes everywhere, Pinkerton agents sent in, yellow-dog contracts, US army came in
- Haymarket Riot
- 1886, protest rally, bomb thrown, 4 demonstrators killed, animosity towards labor unions intensifies
- Pullman Strike
- 1894, cut wages in Pullman community without lowering rent, strike led by Debs, injunctions passed by General Managers' Association, strike crushed
- In re Debs case
- 1895 legalized use of injunctions against labor unions
- Andrew Carnegie, William Sumner, Lester Ward, Henry George, Edward Bellamy
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Carnegie & Sumner - Conservative Social Darwinists: survival of the fittest, natural laws
Ward, George, Bellamy - government regulation, tax reform, cooperative commonwealth - New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor
- Robert Harley, home visitations, bad habits from parents
- New York Children's Aid Society
- Charles Brace, sweep children off the streets into farmhands