Basic immunology

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What are the 3 components of the immune system?: 1. Barriers to infection
2. Innate immunity
3. Adaptive immunity
What comprises Barriers to Immunity?: 1. Skin
2. Mucus membranes
3. Secretions
How do secretions provide immunity? What specific ones?: 1. Physically washes out pathog.
2. Chemicals - Lysozyme, IgA, and acid/alkaline.
What are the 2 parts of natural immunity?: 1. Cellular
2. Humoral
What are the cells of Innate Cell-mediated immunity?: 1. Mast Cells
2. Neutrophils
3. Macrophages
What are the components of Humoral Innate Immunity?: 1. Complement
2. Lysozyme
3. Interferon
Adaptive Immunity is divided into what 2 categories?: 1. Cellular
2. Humoral
What makes up cellular adaptive immunity?: T cells
B cells
Plasma cells
What are the 2 components of humoral adaptive immunity?: 1. Immunoglobulins
2. Cytoines
What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions?: 1. Anaphylactic
2. Cytotoxic
3. Immune complex
4. Delayed T-cell dependent
Which hypersensitivity reactions involve Antibody? Which type?: 1-3
1. IgE
2. IgG
3. IgG and IgM
Which hypersens rxtns involve complement?: 2 and 3
What cells are involved in Anaphylactic hypersensitivity?: Basophils and Mast cells.
What cells are involved in cytotoxic hypersensitivity?: RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets
What cells are involved in immune complex hypersensitivity?: Host tissue cells
What cells are involved in delayed hypersensitivity?: Tcells and Macrophages
What are examples of Anaphylactic hypersensitivity?: Allergies, hay fever, anaphylaxis
What are examples of cytotoxic hypersensitivity?: Transfusion reactions, HDN, thrombocytopenia.
What are examples of immune complex hypersensitivity?: Serum sickness, pneumonitis, etc.
What are examples of delayed hypersensitivity?: Allergy of infection, contact dermatitis.
What factors influence immunogenicity?: Age, nutrition, brain-immune system interaction
what is a hapten?: antigenic determinant incapable of stimulating immune response w/out accompanying carrier.
what is an epitope?: an antigenic determinant.
what is a heteroantigen?: An antigen that stimulates an Antibody that will react with an entirely unrelated surface antigen on cells from a different species.
what are heterophile antigens?: Those that cause cross reaction.
what is an adjuvant?: a substance that ehances an antigen's immunogenicity.
what is the structure of an antibody?: 2 heavy and 2 light chains.
What are light chains called?: Kappa and Lambda
what is the variable and constant region of an antibody?: Variable = n terminal
Constant = C
what holds the chains together?: disulfide bonds via cystine residues.
where is the hinge region located?: between the Fab regions and Fc fragment.
What is the Fc fragment?: the carboxy-term end of 2 heavy chains, doesn't bind antigen but is important in opsonization and complement fixation.
What is the Fab fragment?: One L chain and 1/2 H chain joined by an interchain disulfide bond, that binds antigen.
what does Papain split IgG into?: 2 Fab + 1 Fc
What does Pepsin split IgG into?: 1 (Fab)2 + 1 Fc

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Deck Info

Number of cards 35