Aminoglycosides
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- What are the two main side effects with the aminoglycosides ?
- Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
- Name the aminoglcyosides
- Gentamicin, Tobramicin, Amikacin, Neomycin and streptomycin
- Which one is the MOST toxic ?
- neomycin
- Which one is the LEAST toxic ?
- streptomycin
- How do they work ?
- they disrupt protein synthesis and cause cell death
- What are two unique factors about the aminoglycosides as they relate to the action of the drug ?
- They are concentration dependent AND also have a post antibiotic effect
- How does concentration dependent and PAI affect prescribing ?
- Studies have shown these characteristics make once daily dosing just as (if not more) effective AND least toxic to the patient
- The major side effects of ototoxicity and nephrotocicity are related to peak or trough levels ?
- They are related to excessive trough levels
- Aminoglycosides are effective against...
- aerobic gram negative bacilli such as enterobacter; psuedemonas, klebsiella, serratia and E.coli
- Aminoglycosides are primarily used for what type of infection ?
- nosocomial infections
- What kind of adjustments would make for a renal patient when prescribing an aminoglycoside ?
- Either reduce the dose or increase the dosing interval
- What three factors increase the risk of ototoxicity ?
- renal impairment; use with ethacrynic acid; using > 10 days
- High peak levels will increase nephrotoxicity. True or False ?
- False..nephrotoxicity is related to excessive total cumulative doses and excessive trough levels
- Which two aminoglycosides are used in topical admin ?
- Bacitracin and neomycin
- What is another rare side effect of the aminoglycosides ?
- neuromuscular blockade