I&I STDs, CNS & Zoonotic Infections
Terms
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- Rabies characteristics
-
Rhabdovirus
bullet shaped, affinity for neurons
bat rabies also replicates in epithelials -
20-60 day incubation (may be up to 6 mo)
fever, anxiety & malaise
neurologic signs present 2-10 days after onset - Rabies presentation
- treatment for rabies
-
Rabies Ig
antiserum around site of bite - characteristics of Plague
-
Yersinia Pestis
slow growing, G-
aerobic bacillus (safety pin)
bubonic
septicemic
pneumonic - plague presenting w/lump in arm or leg
- Bubonic (bubo)
- plague presenting w necrosis, spread through blood
- Septicemic
- most dangerous form of plague
-
Pneumonic
highly contagious - treatment for plague
- streptomycin & doxycycline
- characteristics of West Nile
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Flavivirus, (env, ss, ico, RNA)
mosquito to bird (amplifying host)
human is secondary host (doesn't replicate in high titers) - presentation of West Nile
-
0.1% cases fatal
1% goes to CNS
20% show WN fever
most asymptomatic - Gonorrhea
-
Neisseria=G-, cocci
yellow purulent discharge in men
asymptomatic in women- peritonitis & infertility - diagnosis of gonorrhea
- gram stain is sensitive & specific
- treatment of gonorrhea
- ceftriaxone
- Chlamydia
-
obligate intracellular bacteria
G- envelope that lacks muramic acid
uses host ATP
not easily detected - treatment of chlamydia
- tetracyclines
- 5 causes of genital ulcers
-
herpes
syphilis
chancroid
behcet's & reiter's are non-infectious - Syphilis
-
Treponema Pallidum
spirochete, motile, capsule-like outer coat
can NOT be cultured in lab
toxic to fetus - primary syphilis
- chancre- painless, red, raised lesion
- secondary syphilis
- rash, condyloma lata
- tertiary syphilis
-
benign- granulomatous lesions
CV
Neurosyphilis- tabes dorsalis - bacteria in meningitis
-
All are aerobes
S Pneumoniae (young adult & older), H Influenzae (vaccine), N Meningitidis (baby/kid), L Monocytogenes (immunocompromised)
G- usually from nosocomial
Staph usually from head trauma - diagnosis of meningitis
- lumbar puncture
- CSF w/monocytes, normal glucose & protein
- viral meningitis- may culture virus but may not
- CSF w/PMNs, LOW glucose, elevated protein
- bacterial- probably culture bug
- treatment for meningitis
-
cephalosporins-
large doses steroids for neuro sequelae
gentamycin does NOT cross BBB - Meningitis- mechanism of infection
- respiratory infection, IL-1 attaches to meningeal blood vessels, PMNs attach & enter CNS
- Brain Abscess- Mechanism of infection
-
in sinus after untreated sinus infection
or- travels in blood & lodges in small vessel - diagnosis for brain abscess
-
NO LUMBAR PUNCTURE
CT - presentation & bug of brain abscess
-
looks & acts like tumor
anaerobic bacteria - Cause of Encephalitis
-
usually virus
West Nile
Herpes