A & P One Flashcards
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- What is the defenition of Biology?
- Study of Life
- What is the defenition of Life?
- State of existance that distinquishes living from non-living things.
- Definition of Anatomy?
- study of structure
- Definition of Physiology?
- Study of functions of body
- Characteristics of Life
- Grow, reproduce, abitlity to metabolise, respire, motility, comprised of cells, contain carbon, irritability, have a lifespan, adapt, evolve, are organized
- Stages of metabolism
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Catabolism-complex substances to simple protein to amino acid
Anabolism-converts simple to complex amino acid to protein - Defenition of irritability
- respond to stimuli
- Organization of life
-
biosphere-> biomes-> communities -> populations -> Individuals -> organ systems
-> organs -> tissue -> cells - Integumentary system organs
- skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands (sweat, oil, milk, tear, secreting glands)
- Integumentary system functions
- protection, temp regulation, irritability, excretion, barrier, involved in immunity, synthesis of vitamin D
- Skeletal system Organs
- bones
- skeletal system function
- protection, support, movement (acts as the rigid bar of lever), stores fat and minerals, hematopoiesis
- Muscular System organs
- muscles: skeletal, smooth, cardiac
- muscular system function
- movement (applies effort to rigid bar of lever), heat production of thermogenesis
- Nervous system organs
- brain, spinal cord, nerves
- Nervous system function
- provides homeostasis via electrical messages, able to sense, itegrates-interprets-and decides on response, responds
- Endocrine system organs
- pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal
- endocrine system function
- provides homeostasis via chemical messages/hormones: growth, reproduction, H2O balance, electrolyte balance, energy balance, emergency maintenance, immunity
-
reproductive system organs
-male - testes, epididymus, vas deferns, semenal vesicles, prostate, cowpers gland, penis
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reproductive system organs
-female - ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitilia (vulva)
- What is the function of the reproductive system?
- Continuation of species
- The Organs of the urinary system.
- Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
- Function of the Urinary System
- Excretion, filters blood, regulates: blood concentration, blood volume, blood pH, and blood pressure
- Organs of the Cardiovascular system
-
Cardio: Heart
Vascular (Vessels): arteries, arterioles, metarterioles/capillaries, venules, veins - Function of the Cardiovascular system
- pumps (heart) blood thru conduits (vessels) deliever nutrients & wastes to and from tissues
- Organs of the lymphatic system
- Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils, spleen, liver, thymus gland
- Function of the lymphatic system
- 1st line of defense, removes excessive fluid from tissue, picks up leaked protein from blood tissue, picks up fats from GI tract and transports it to liver
- Respiratory system organs
- nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchial tree, lungs
-
Digestive system organs
GI - oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
-
Digestive system organs
Accesory - teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, gallbladder, liver
- fuction of digestive system
- Ingestion, movement of food, digestion, absorption of nutrients, defecation
- Definiton of Homeostasis
- Balance
- Function of Homeostasis
- provides for optimum performance of the organs and organ systems
- What has to be balanced?
- blood chemistry, water, electrolyte, blood pressure, temperature, hormones, pH
- What is the mode of homeostasis?
- Feedback systems
- What is the defenition of a feedback system?
- watchdog system
- What is the function of the feedback system?
- provides a route by which the brain is alerted of body status and allows it to respond to that status
- Components of a feedback system
- Receptor, Control Center(Brain) and Effector
- What is a receptor?
- picks up stimulus(input) and sends info to brain via afferent(sensory) nerves
- What does the control center do?
- Interperts, integrates and decides on response(output) via efferent(motor) nevers info leaves brain and travels to effector
- What is the purpose of the effector?
- doer of action. performs activity assigned by brain
- Types of feedback systems
- Negative and Positive
- What is a negative system
- More common, always brings about homeostasis, Stimulatory-Inhibitory effect, output(response) counteracts or negates input(stimulus)
- What is a postive system
- Least common, can be destructive, Stimulatory-Stimulatory, output intensifies input
- What is an example of each
-
Negative: lowers bp to normalcy; highers glucose to normalcy
Postive: Labor; clotting; disease - What is a stressor?
- any circumstance that upsets normal body function
- What are the types of stress?
-
Eustress: good stress: exercise
Distress: bad stress: temp change, pressure change, disease - What is the definition of disease?
- andy disturbance in normal body structure or function and homeostatic imbalance brought on by disturbance
- What are the classifications of disease?
- Congenital(inherited), degenerative, inflammatory, metabolic(hormone imbalance), neoplasmic(cancer,growth)
- What are the types of disease?
-
Local: area of body is affected
Systemic: several to many areas of body are affected - What is the definiton of diagnosis?
- thorough or complete knowledge
-
What is the S.O.A.P. approach?
S. -
S-subjective informative
Family history, symptoms -
S.O.A.P.
O. -
O-objective information
Signs, physical exam: palpate, ausculate, percussion -
S.O.A.P.
A. -
A-assessment
Based on subjective and objective information -
S.O.A.P
P. - P-Plan of treatment
- What is a sign?
- measurable or observable
- Examples of a sign
- anemia, fever, rash, jaundice
- What is a symptom?
- not measurable or observable
- Examples of a symptom
- dizziness, nausea, pain, fatigue, malaise, aches