ISQS Test 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What was the first computing device?
- Abacus
- What was the mechanical tabulator?
- Created by Herman Hollerith in 1880 - used as a census machine
- What was the first large-scale computer?
- The ENIAC in 1947 (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
- What was the first first computer?
- The ABC
- What were the first 3 big computers that were created?
-
ENIAC - 1947
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Calculator) - 1950
IBM 704 - 1957 - What advances were made by apple in 1979?
- Steve Jobs brought the mouse, keyboard, screen, etc. to the masses as a package.
- What technological advance was made in 2006?
- Silicon Photonics
- Define hardware:
- any machinery (most of which utilizes digital circuitry) that assists in the performance of the input, processing, and output activities of an information system.
- What is an input device?
- A device that converts data into machine readable form
- What is a processing device?
- CPU - central processing unit
- What is an output device?
- An item that converts machine (electronic) information into human-intelligible form
- What is a control device?
- Gets instructions from memory and interprets them
- What are the parts of a central processing unit?
-
Control unit - central switchboard or manager (gets instructions from memory and interprets them)
Arithmetic logic unit - performs mathematical operations and makes logical comparisons of both numbers and strings
Registers - high-speed storage areas used to temporarily hold small units of program instructions and data immediately before, during, and after execution by the CPU. - How is computer speed measured?
- Ghz = cycles per second
- What are the two phases of computing?
-
Instruction - CU fetches an instruction from primary memory and decides what actions need to be taken
Execution - The ALU accesses the necessary data from primary memory, places it into registers, performs the operations, and returns the result to memory - What are the two phases of computer function?
- Instruction phase and Execution phase
- What is a machine cycle?
- The execution of a single instruction
- Typical PC processors today operate how fast?
- 1-3 Ghz
- Intel saw a large boost in loyalty when they did what?
- Gave their processor a custom name (Pentium).
- What is a data field?
- made up of bytes (name: george)
- What is a record?
- Made up of several fields (name, address, telephone)
- What is a File?
- Made up of several records
- What is an application?
- Made up of several files
- What is a system?
- Made up of several applications
- How many characters can 8 bits represent?
- 256 (200 needed to represent all letters, numbers, punctuation, etc.)
- How big is a floppy drive?
- 360KB to 1.44 MB
- How big is a CD?
- 700MB
- How big is a dvd?
- 4.7 GB
- How big is a DL DVD?
- 8.5 GB
- How big is a bluray?
- 25GB (50GB DL)
- How large are pictures that are 2, 3, 8 MP?
- 250KB, 650KB, 2MB
- For internet images, what size must the images be?
- 400x625 or 250,000 pixels
- What does JPEG stand for?
- Joint Photographic Experts Group
- What does GIF stand for?
- Graphics Interchange Format
- What does PNG stand for?
- Portable Network Graphic
- What does TIFF stand for?
- Tagged image file format
- What is Primary Storage?
- RAM, or ROM (Read only memory)
- What are the 4 levels of computers?
- Microcomputers, Midrange computers, Mainframes, Supercomputer
- What is a peripheral?
- Input/output equipment and secondary storage devices all controlled by the CPU
- What is a dumb terminal?
- Terminals that have no processing capabilities
- What is a transaction terminal?
- Gets data from end users and transfers data via telecommunication networks to a computer system for processing
- How is Information Technology an advantage?
- Technology is no longer an afterthought in forming business strategy, but the actual cause and driver.
- Competitive advantage is...
- a significant and long-term benefit to a company in relation to the competition
- Where does the competitive value of IT lie?
- within the capability of software and of people and the value of information a business acquires and uses
- What is a strategic information system?
- Any kind of IS that uses IT to gain competitive advantage (or sometimes reduce competitive disadvantage)
- What are the 3 major types of information systems?
-
TPS - transactions
MIS - reporting
DSS - decisions (what if analysis) - What is a transaction processing system?
- An organized collection of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to develop and distribute business transactions
- What is a management information system?
- An organized collection of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to provide routine information to decision makers
- What is a decision support system?
- An organized collection of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making
- What is an expert system?
- an organized collection of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to generate expert advise or suggest a decision in an area
- What are the 5 Competitive strategies?
-
Cost Leadership
Alliance
Differentiation - What are the 3 other strategies implemented with IT?
-
Lock-in customers and suppliers
Build switching costs
Barriers to entry - How does an IS work with critical success factors?
- IS are developed to directly support those activities that positively impact the identified factors
- What are the 3 different types of cases where IT is used?
- Knowledge management systems, customer-focused business, and Virtual Company
- What is a knowledge management system?
- Uses IT to increase access to info and improve problem solving
- What is a customer-focused business?
- an attempt to respond to customer concerns, provide top-quality customer service, anticipate future needs, and keep customers loyal.
- What is a virtual company?
- uses IT to link organizations, people, assets and ideas
- What is a program language?
- A set of symbols and rules used to write code that can be interpreted by a computer
- What are the four generations of Program language?
-
1st - Machine
2nd - Assembly
3rd - High level
4th - Natural
(MAHN) - What is an object-oriented language?
- Combines data elements and the procedures that will be performed upon them into objects
- What does it mean that an object oriented language is reuseable?
- It can use an object from one application in another application
- What are the 3 Web languages?
- HTML, XML, Java
- What is the role of system software?
- To control the hardware and act as an interface between application software and hardware
- What were three operating systems before windows 2003?
- PC-DOS, MS-DOS, OS/2
- What is virtual memory?
- An operating system can divide memory into a number of sections and swap parts of programs and data between primary memory and secondary memory in order to process a larger program or a greater amount of data than primary memory would ordinarily allow
- What is general purpose application software?
- They perform common information processing jobs for end users
- What are application-specific programs?
- The support specific applications of end users in business, science and other areas
- what is information systems literacy?
- Knowledge of how data and information are used by decision-makers in an organizational setting