unit 3-4 key words
Terms
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copy deck
- Gamete
- a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism.
- Gene
- the basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary character.
- allele
- One of the alternative forms of a gene which can occur at a given point on a chromosome
- locus
- Locus (genetics), the position of a gene (or other significant sequence) on a chromosome.
- homologous pair
- structures are said to be homologous if they are alike because of shared ancestry.
- dominant
- In genetics, a dominant gene is one that is expressed when heterozygous with a recessive allele of the gene. It is a feature of diseases that inherit in an autosomal dominant fashion.
- resessive
- In genetics, a characteristic which becomes apparent only when an individual has inherited two copies of similar or identical alleles.
- homozygous
- means that it carries two identical copies of that gene for a given trait on the two corresponding chromosomes
- heterozygous
- has different alleles
- phenotype
- The outward appearance of a specific single gene
- genotype
- The genes carried by an individual member of an organism
- law of segregation
- is a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parent organisms to their children
- law of independent assortment
- this law states that the one gene's inheritance is not affected by that of another.